Effectiveness of Non-Executive Directors Essay -- Senior Management, N

The effectiveness of non-executive directors is becoming to be seen as critical for the contribution to the effectiveness of corporate governance in providing investor protection. Relevant situational and sectoral experience enhances the effectiveness of non-executive directors. Jebb (1998) cited in Ahwireng-Obeng, Mariano and Viedge (2005) suggests that it is a better strategy to hire non-executive directors who have experience in similar as well as other sectors and situations that the company is likely to face than search for a particular expertise in a director. According to Pincombe (2000), this enables the utilisation of specialist skills in different fields and the broadening of experience (Ahwireng-Obeng, Mariano and Viedge, 2005). To a certain extent, the tenure of service also has impact on the effectiveness of non-executive directors. Feldman (1992) is of the view that a board that services a business well today may not be qualified to lead it five years from now as markets and products evolve. Therefore, the appointments of non-executive directors should be for a specific term and new members should be appointed as and when needed. One suggestion is that by serving for more than ten years, the board member tends to become too close to senior management to provide objective oversight (Ahwireng-Obeng, Mariano and Viedge, 2005). However, this could provide the in-depth knowledge and institutional memory that a new board member has to work hard to acquire (Fleming, 1998 cited in Ahwireng-Obeng, Mariano and Viedge, 2005). As for the selection and appointment, â€Å"good boards do not just ‘happen’; they are carefully constructed working teams† (Vennat, 1995). In other words, it is by selecting and developing appropriate indiv... ...m their duties, particularly those sitting on the Nominations Committee, Remuneration Committee and Audit Committee on an irregular basis, meeting only a few times a year (Pass, 2008). Due to limited time of involvement, non-executive directors could be too "remote" from internal decision-making processes to make an effective contribution and lack of information. The effectiveness of non-executive directors would be undermining when they are uninformed about the challenges they face. Hurley (2000) cited in Ahwireng-Obeng, Mariano and Viedge (2005) suggests that making the following list of information available to non-executive directors can contribute to their focus and productivity: board policies, committee guidelines, board minutes, authority annotations, contract summaries, organisational charts, member surveys and analyses, and programme or project analyses.

Candide Essay -- essays research papers

Francois Marie Arouet de Voltaire’s novella, Candide, incorporates many themes, yet concentrates a direct assault on the ideas of Leibniz and Pope. These two well-known philosophers both held the viewpoint that the world created by God was the best of all possibilities, a world of perfect order and reason. Pope specifically felt that each human being is a part of God’s great and all knowing plan or design for the world. Voltaire had a very opposite point of view in that he saw a world of needless pain and suffering all around him. Voltaire, a deist, believed that God created the world, yet he felt that the people were living in a situation that was anything but perfect. Thus, the major theme of Candide is one of the world not being the best of all possibilities, full of actions definitely not determined by reason or order, but by chance and coincidence. To prove his point, Voltaire uses pointed satire directed at various organizations and groups prevalent in his time period. In particular, Voltaire takes aim at organized religion, in particular Catholicism, as well as aristocratic arrogance and war. All of Voltaire’s comments are precisely chosen to convey his point that those in power were completely corrupt in all their thoughts and actions. Throughout the entire book, Voltaire portrays religious men, such as monks and priests, as hypocrites who do not live up to the religious standards that they set upon others. Voltaire first attacks the men of the Church and their hypocrisy in chapter three. After escaping from the Bulgars, Candide was obviously in need of food and possibly medical attention, but could find no help. When he came upon a minister who had just spoken of charity, Candide asked for some food to eat, but was harshly turned away. After speaking of charity to others, the minister turned Candide away just because they didn’t share the same view of the Pope. To make matters worse, the minister’s wife proceeded to throw a pot of urine over Candide’s head. Voltaire used these rather repulsive acts to show the hypocrisy found in many church affiliated men of his time. One minute the minister was talking to the townspeople of charity and brotherly love, while the next minute he rudely dismissed a man in need of that very Christian ideal. While I don’t completely agree with Voltaire that the religious men of that time were so blatantly hypocritical, ... ... as it should be. Even after Candide traveled to England, he saw vicious acts of cruelty surrounding him. One example is the death of an admiral that did â€Å"not have enough dead men to his credit,† (111). Voltaire used this brutal death to show that the people of the times were more concerned with numbers than lives. A man was killed merely because he did not kill enough innocent victims. In Voltaire’s eyes, this was the worst form of brutality he could imagine. In a world where everything has a purpose, Voltaire could not see where unreasonable deaths fit in. Although the novella, Candide, was partially written for entertainment purposes, it was primarily written to discredit the views of Leibniz and Pope. These philosophers felt that the world around them was just as God would have it, but Voltaire adamantly disagreed. He presented his point of view by satirizing the Church, the arrogance of aristocrats, and war and violence. Voltaire looked at the world with the idea that there could be something done about all the evil in the world. Although he knew the world would never be perfect, he wanted people to see that the world they were living in was one that could be improved upon.

Floor Cleaning Process

II. FLOOR CARE, CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE A. Floor Cleaning Process B. Stripping/Wet Scrubbing Procedures Submitted by: MC GERALD G. SALDO Submitted to: Mrs. Juliet P. Diloy November 26, 2012 III. FLOOR CARE, CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE G. Floor Cleaning Process A. STRIPPING FLOORS Stripping is the elimination of embedded dirt, oil and old layers of floor finish and sealer. The process completely cleans and prepares floors for the application of new coats, floor sealer or floor finish ( wax ). Floor stripping products are used for this purpose. Supplies and Equipment Needed:MopMop Wringer Hand GlovesFloor Stripper or PolisherWax Remover |Steps |Procedures | |First, clear the area of dirt and spots so that the dirt/soil will|Sweep or vacuum the floor thoroughly. Remove sticky deposits or | |not be absorbed by the stripping solution. |material with a putty knife. | |Place a caution sign to prevent slips on the floor. |Place the sign in the working area â€Å"Wet floor, watch your stepâ € . | |Prepare the stripping solution.The dilution will depend on the |Mix 1 gallon of floor stripper to 4 gallons of water in a bucket, | |degree of soil. Heavy soil needs higher dilution. |for every floor area of 250 square meters. | | |Dilution sometimes varies for different types of stripper. Read | | |the instructions on the label. Dip the mop on the solution. Do not| | |squeeze the mop. Spread the solution and cover the whole area. |Soften the old film to make stripping easier to accomplish. |Spread the solution on the floor with a mop and let it be absorbed| | |for 10-12 minutes. | |Scrub the area thoroughly from the farthest to the nearest. |Use a floor machine with an abrasive pad or brush, depending on | | |the type of floor. | |Pick up the softened and suspended film, dirt and soil. |Use a mop or use a wet-dry vacuum. | |Rinse the floor thoroughly. Remove all cleaning solution, using a clean mop. Use a different | | |mop for rinsing. Make sure the coats are even. | |Let the floor dry completely. |Once dried, the floor is now ready for the application of wax or | | |floor finish. | STRIPPING TIPS: 1. In case of particularly stubborn residuces (example: in the commercial sector) use undiluted if required. 2. Do not allow stripper to dry out on the floor. For this reason, work in sections. . Before stripping floor coverings (e. g. , rubber flooring), check for color and material fastness at an inconspicuous spot. If necessary, dilute Stripper even more and apply several times using a short standing time. 4. Wear rubber gloves during use and ensure that the rooms to be treated are well ventilated. Do not spray sensitive surfaces (e. g. , wood, metal, varnished surfaces) with the cleaning or stripping solution. 5. Store stripping solution in a cool, dry place in, closed, original container. Keep it locked and out of the reach of children. B. SEALING FLOORSSealing follows stripping. A floor sealer-chemical is applied on the floor to protect the surfaces and to act as a bond between the floor sealer and the finish (wax). Sealing helps to smoothen rough surfaces and scratches. It also protects the floor of other types of floor abuse thereby enhancing its appearance. Supplies and Equipment Needed: Wet Mopplastic liner Sealer solution |Steps |Procedures | |1. Prepare the floor area. |Place the caution sign in a visible location. | | | | |Put supplies and equipment in the floor area to be sealed. | | | | | |Put plastic bag (liner) into the empty bucket that is to be used for| | |the sealer solution, then pour sealer into the lined bucket. | | | | |Using the plastic bag liner keeps the bucket clean and keeps the | | |sealer from becoming contaminated with any residue that might be in | | |the bucket. | |2. Dip the damp mop head into the bucket with a sealer. |Wring out gently such that the mop head is wet but does not drip. | |3.Trace/outline the entire area to be sealed. |Start in one of the baseboards in the farth est corner of the room. | | | | | |If the entire area cannot be out-lined before the sealer dries, | | |apply the sealer to the floor along the baseboards covering as much | | |of the traces/outline as possible. |4. Apply the sealer to the floor area. |Work by sections, do a side to side motion, starting from the | | |farthest corner and moving backward toward the door. Overlap the | | |strokes. Avoid having puddles of sealer on the floor. |5. Allow the floor to dry completely before applying wax. |If recoating is needed, follow the same steps above stated. | ———————– Republic of the Philippines CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY (CvSU) Don Severino de las Alas Campus Indang, Cavite ((046) 415-0010 / 415-0011 ((046)415-0012 Email Address: [email  protected] com STRIPPING SEALING FINISHING MAINTAINING

Marriage Essay Introduction Essay

According to people, a family should consist of parents and children living together. This does not only apply to children from a common ancestor but also those who are adopted. Since 1960 there have been a lot of changes that has affected the real legal power of the family. There has been self-definition due to bilateral-income in marriages. It has led to divorce and children being raised by a single parent-family that makes them encounter emotional disruption and lack of family care. Women have become financial independent leading to tension in marriages (Wilcox, 2009). The introduction of the new law of non-fault divorce by American nation has eliminated the need for couples to identify their wrongs in marriages (Wilcox, 2009). It has gutted marriage its power to bind a husband and wife. All of these changes have led to a high rate of divorce. Currently, the statics of marriages have decreased with the current studies showing that in 1960s more than 68% of adults aged 23 years wer e married while today less than 23% of the same age are not married (Pewsocialtrends.org, 2010). The marriage has also shifted from heterosexual to same-sex marriage in most American societies. Due to this there has been divorce and immigration of people because one feels can access that marriage there. It has also contributed to Children being raised by foster parents because their biological parents are gay. In a situation of divorce, both parents are given opportunity to fight for the custody of their children in America. To solve all this, the government advocates are making arguments to stop divorce (Cheryl 2011).They encourage troubled couples to try work out things first since filing for divorce is expensive. The government is also coming up with laws that ensure divorce balances or the parties in the marriage.

Personal life and sports Essay

Sportsmanship is the character, practice, or skill of a person involved in sports. This includes the participant, the parents, the coaches, and all spectators. Sportsmanlike conduct includes fairness, courtesy, learning to be a good loser, being competitive without rude behavior, or experiencing any ill feelings toward the opponent. Too often in any sporting event, the purpose of the sport is forgotten. Winning has become overwhelmingly important to the adults involved. This attitude is inflicted on the youth. People of all ages should be allowed to fully embrace the challenge and fun of playing sports. Teaching, coaching, motivating, and winning are fine as long as the reason for the sport or activity is prioritized. The attitudes of athletes are instilled in them at a very young age. They reflect the motivation and goals of their parents, who sometimes push them into sports they would not normally choose for themselves. Play is essential in growth and develop- ment. Children who play sports with other children tend to socialize and adjust better as adults. Healthy competition provides a natural, emotional outlet for children, but should not be forced or overemphasized. Competition should be kept friendly with the emphasis on participation rather than the outcome of the event. Parents should not pressure the child to excel, regardless of his abilities, because this takes away the fun of the sport, adds undo pressure on the participant, and produces unsportsmanlike conduct. Sportsmanship is participating in a sport, rather than performing, and realizing how you play the game is more important than winning. Too many coaches and parents tend to forget the reason for sports for children. They get caught up in the excitement and competitiveness. Winning is the ultimate goal, at all costs. The cost is the effect this attitude has on the children. I have witnessed this behavior from coaches and parents, where they have actually embarrassed and humiliated young players in front of their peers. The negative effect this has on the athletes is obvious. They become aggressive, sometimes withdrawn and angry, rude, and inconsiderate. Sports are not just an activity. They form a stepping stone toward the future. Sportsmanship teaches children how to interact with peers, how to relate and interact with others. Sports can teach cooperation, sharing, and compassion. At a young age participation in sports introduces players to rules, and how to incorporate them into other aspects of life. A child must realize that losing has absolutely nothing to do with self-worth, that their personal value is not measured by winning or losing, but doing the best that they can in sports and life. It is important that children and adults be part of a group to feel acceptance, without the emphasis on winning. Self-confidence does not come from winning or losing, but how the outcome is handled. If you perform to your best ability, then you have won the only  important game. Sportsmanship is what the activity should be about. Coaches and parents should relax, enjoy the fact that their children are active and adjusting socially, have fun, and allow their children to have fun. They will produce healthier, happier, more secure, self-confident, and less angry, frustrated children. Sportsmanship carries into every aspect of daily life. Winning and losing is part of every day life at every age and every stage. We should learn and be taught through praise and example how to win and lose with dignity, humility, and self-respect.

Quality of Life and Survivorship (Cancer) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quality of Life and Survivorship (Cancer) - Essay Example They say that those women have physiological, psychological, emotional, social and sexual problems. Physiological problems are the most widespread among the ovarian cancer survivors. The researches show that most of women who live with this disease suffer from fatigue, nausea and anorexia. They also suffer from abdominal pain, gastrointestinal side effects, electrolyte imbalance and bladder dysfunctions, which are often the results of the therapy they receive. The specialists also define lower body lymphedema as one of the widespread treatment side effects. One of the studies show that 28% of women who received ovarian cancer treatment reported swelling in the legs. Other treatment side effects are peripheral neuropathy, bone marrow depression, etc. Nevertheless, most of the patients confess that fatigue is the most unpleasant symptom that worsens their quality of life. Doctors use different medications to treat the symptoms of cancer, and the side effects from treatment, which sometimes worsens the patients' condition. Fatigue, the most unpleasant symptom is overcame only by sleeping or rest. In the same time most of the ovarian cancer survivors suffer from various psychological problems, as this diagnosis disrupts the daily lives of the patients. Women lose the ability to work, and thus their financial independency.

Product Innovation and Pricing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Product Innovation and Pricing - Essay Example The camera has an automatic mode which will enable reasonable quality photographs by even people with minimal knowledge of the subject. The price at less than $300 is attractive by market conditions. Here is a camera for the amateur photographer which is easy to carry and to use, with the potential to take sharp and good quality photographs with simplicity. The camera is clearly on the upper right quadrant of a VO Grid, and has the potential to participate aggressively in the emergent mass market for basic digital cameras for amateur use. The Canon Power Shot S3 is a study in contrast with the earlier model. It meets the special needs of photography enthusiasts and professionals who may wish to take sharp photographs of objects and people at long distances. The technical features and capabilities of this product sacrifice convenience almost entirely because it is large enough to require a case of its own and would need to be slung around the user's neck. It can draw attention in a social situation which many people would not like. However, it does offer physical evidence of the user being a photography enthusiast or even a professional. This camera cost about $500, which means that only those committed to regular and specialized use would be willing to make purchase decisions in its favor. The major value proposition is the 12x zoom which a relatively small niche of people may value. It offers high value for a certain target, but would not be of interest to most consumers. The Canon Power Shot A 540 has 3 direct competitors: the Casio Exilim EX-Z850, the Fujifilm FinePix F 10, and the Sony Cyber Shot DSC-T9. The relative inconvenience of conventional film cameras implies that the indirect competition is not serious. The high resolution and high portability of these cameras place them in a category distinct from video cameras. The market segment of amateurs, who need a convenient and easy solution for occasional photographs, is adequately met by these four brands to compete adequately with each other as a set. The Fujifilm presents a strong challenge with a price tag just below $200. It is an important benefit for the company to promote and has the potential to hit its 3 competitors hard. The Sony, with a 58 MB memory, has a key advantage of being able to store significantly more images than any of the competitors. Running out of memory can be a common problem on any occasion, and it may not always be possible to transfer records to storage media at frequent intervals. The Sony therefore offers a value parameter that the competition cannot match, hence Sony should be able to use this feature to gain market share. The Casio, with 8.1 Mega Pixels can offer large prints of excellent resolution, but most people who would value this feature may opt for more professional cameras. However, there is scope for Casio to add plenty of service (Payne, 2002) by way of creating awareness of the advantages of large prints, in order to create new demand for its product. 8.1 Mega Pixels at less than 5 oz weight is a combination with value potential for customers, but the company will have to work towards generating demand. The Canon is a kind of compromise, offering a balance of the features of its competitors. Competitive Pricing It is entirely legal for a restaurant owner to copy the price of a generic dish from a competitor, as long as he or she