Offenders and Psychology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Guilty parties and Psychology - Coursework Example In the Table â€Å"Profile Characteristics of Disorganized Asocial Offenders† it is clear that there are various qualities, which are fitting during the time spent guilty party personality’s considers. The status of the characters in their networks is resolved regarding the accompanying highlights: they have a constrained insight, are engaged with untalented work and have a couple of contacts with different individuals from the network. These people show the accompanying sorts of post-offense conduct, for example, going to the spot, where the wrongdoing was carried out; having a visual composition of criminal occasions and so on. From that point onward, when the wrongdoing was carried out, a disrupted criminal can scarcely change a position of his home, since he is utilized to his natural condition. It is conceivable to separate a disrupted asocial guilty party from the composed nonsocial wrongdoer. The previous guilty party would carry out his violations around evening time, generally speaking. For this kind of guilty parties, it is imperative to be comprehended and bolstered. Foundation of constructive relationship with this character is gainful during the time spent examination. Besides, the meetings are progressively viable with these guilty parties around evening time, when it is their â€Å"best time†. The highlights of the sorted out nonsocial wrongdoer can be deciphered in the accompanying manner: this kind of the guilty party would be progressively composed in his every day life. They are forlorn people and they don't need any other individual around them. These people have a normal degree of knowledge and they can be dynamic individuals from the general public. These wrongdoers can have his own relationship and he can even establish a decent connection (Interview with S. Milena Halterman, 2010). This sort of guilty parties can go to numerous different spots, which are far away from their neighborhood. Post-offense conduct of the s orted out nonsocial wrongdoers is as per the following: he is keen on the outcomes of the wrongdoing, submitted by him. Additionally, â€Å"organizedâ crimeâ scenesâ reflectâ aâ highâ levelâ ofâ controlâ byâ theâ offenderâ where restraintsâ areâ usedâ andâ theâ bodyâ isâ disposedâ ofâ inâ aâ thought outâ manner, usuallyâ transportedâ toâ anotherâ locationâ fromâ whereâ theâ murderâ tookâ place† (Holmes& Holmes, 2009). During the meeting meetings, it is applicable to stand up to these guilty parties legitimately, in light of the fact that they fear direct realities. A solitary meeting system is one of the most suitable for them. These wrongdoers can tell everything truly during the meeting. Accordingly, it is fitting for the criminologists to concentrate on the unconventional individual highlights of the guilty parties so as to decide potential alternatives of sequential wrongdoing avoidance and a legitimate examination lead of each specif ic case. Accordingly, the cutting edge worldview of criminology ought to be centered around explores and examines, which are focused on the particular parts of offenders’ practices. Question 2 In the cutting edge worldview, it is essential to realize that there is a solid connection among social and mental issues of the lawbreakers and the activities submitted by them. Psychologicalâ profiling has been creating since 1940 and this field was produced for examination of sequential violations (Schlesinger 2009). The essential focuses, laid out in this field of study are: attributes of theâ offender,â time factors, modusâ operandi, offender’sâ andâ signature andâ staging (Holmes and Holmes, 2009). There is an incredible need to consider sorted out vs.â disorganized

Oil & Gas Management Anglo Persian Oil Company

Question: Depict about the Advantages of Bidders for assuming control over British Petroleum? Answer: Presentation The Anglo Persian Oil Company is normally known as BP, the organization began its business in the year 1970s and turned into the individual from the Seven Sister global oil organizations. The primary contenders of the BP oil organization are the Exxon and the Shell oil organizations, which are likewise individuals from the Seven Sister global oil organizations. The BP oil organization excrement numerous debacle in the Texas City, the blast in the hour of re-presenting the hydrocarbon and during this blast huge numbers of the laborers of the BP oil organization were dead and many were harmed. After that numerous examination occurred in the BP oil organization, and the organization need to pay the fine for it, which was something around $50 million. The BP oil organization taken numerous security quantifies after the episode occurred in the organization, and the different prompting groups additionally did the examination about the wellbeing proportions of the organization. There were n umerous episodes happened in the BP oil organization in the City like Mexico and other and huge numbers of the laborers had been kicked the bucket on account of the occurrence. Thus the portion of the BP oil organization continuous goes down in the offer market and the organization was running in misfortune in that time (Berdowski et al., 2010). Points of interest of Bidders for assuming control over British Petroleum (BP) Organizations managing oil and gas like British Petroleum produces colossal turnover for enterprises. On the off chance that the past is thought of, it very well may be discovered that $25 billion income was conveyed by BP in 2005. $8.3 billion money continues was yield by BP. $19 billion of money was circulated to investors. In this way the past record of BP is very alluring for the bidders to takeover. The most significant points of interest for bidders are beneath Cost Reduction-Dividend quarterly installments were suspended by BP by 9.5pence per share that added up to $2.6 billion to the investors. This brought about cost decrease and benefit augmentation. Additionally BP consented to sell $7 billion resources in Egypt and North America, have chopped down 20% representatives for keeping up capital consumption and set up escrow reserve of $20 billion for casualties of oil spreading. These systems are pulling in for bidders as they need not take more cost decrease procedures after takeover (Berthelot, Coulmont and Thibault, 2013). Showcasing and Sales-BP manages all the vitality assets like sun based, wind, carbon, bio-fuel, gas terminated force, hydrogen force and capacity frameworks. For managing elective vitality assets like breeze, bio-fuel and carbon, BP has burned through $1.4 billion. In any case, presently the business is confronting money related difficulty and because of this it has partitioned elective vitality spending plan into $1 billion and $500 million. This enhancement system pulls in the bidders to takeover BP (BOND, 2013). Procedure Innovation-the imaginative methodology of recuperating oil to help out the procedure altogether was finished by going into remote ocean shores which used polymer popcorn strategy was one of the most recent creative technique for oil extraction done by BP. This modern inventive methodology pulls in the bidders to takeover BP. Innovative work for Illinois look into on creation of bio-vitality, BP contributed $500 billion. Bp additionally acquainted self-improvement program with create youngsters that decidedly affected nearby networks. In 2008 BP was related with a venture to extricate gaseous petrol and unrefined petroleum that included 8 nations. This task came about to create a record benefit of $37.9 billion EBIT which was 39% more than that of earlier year. Such RD group is able enough for dealing with future undertakings that is very pulling in for bidders to takeover BP (Wilson, 2013). Examination has been made that the current contenders of BP are Exxon Mobile, Shell and Chevron comparable to their situation in oil industry. Such contenders can takeover BP to support in the opposition as they are its best opponents. They can expand their item and administrations to get by against the downturns in such center markets (Bozeman, 2011). Potential drawbacks of bidders for assuming control over British oil Serious condition In understanding to the contenders, on the off chance that Shell moves to takeover BP in Europe and US, at that point it will instigate a genuine rivalry that may compel divestments. That at last will hamper the administration and supportability for an organization. Higher finance In China, the pay and wages for the workers are lower than US. Presently on the off chance that Petrochina takeover BP, at that point it should overpay the representatives than expected, and this will bring about cost interruption, wasteful cost the executives and significantly workforce chance start to finish (Wang, n.d.). Covering Management-The mixes of advantages should be cut back if Exxon Mobile takeover BP. They have an alternate procedure and framework. This covering of the board will make disappointment among the representatives that may happen to lose their positions and others may require longer an ideal opportunity to acclimate with the new framework, which again may bring about misfortune. As the legislatures have demanded increasingly intense natural wellbeing guidelines, the expense of oil undertakings will in the long run increment (Dauwalter, 2013). Policy driven Issue Managerial Style After the blast in the Gulf of Mexico the valuation of the organization comes low as it wipes 58 billion dollar because of blast. Around then numerous specialists anticipated that there could be a takeover by its rivals, for example, Exxon Mobil, Shell and Petrochina. In fact any of these organizations had the option to bear to the takeover of BP however there was some different issues which was making question. Probably the greatest issue was policy centered issue which was repressing the takeover procedure. The business of gas and oil is as of now loaded with political and administrative issues which make it hard to adapt up to all circumstances. The US law was exceptionally tough about the business and BP was concealing a large number of their realities which were not permitted there. Every one of these issues of BP came out after the blast. Around then clearly the US government will charge an immense measure of punishment to the organization (Google.com, 2015). The organizations which were considering offering for the BP to takeover find that on the off chance that their takeover incorporates the punishment, at that point it will be an immense misfortune for them. Besides another issue was conspicuous over that period. BP was directing their business deceptively at that nation so there was a once in a lifetime opportunity of getting a boycott for that organization; this was likewise a hazard for the offering organizations. As it was normal that US government officials including Barack Obama was not for the organization which constrained them to remove their business in the US advertise. This sort of political circumstance compelled to expand the risk of the organization in the Gulf of Mexico which adds to the consistent drop of their offer cost in the market. In this circumstance the takeover of BP would have bring about boundless liabilities for the organization alongside the cutoff from the US showcase where BP used to be the greatest oil and gas supplier . There was another danger which was the weakness of the takeover procedure for different organizations was the expense of the cleaning the ocean. This expense would be the greatest liabilities for any organization who will be assuming control over them (JARVIS, 2010). At the point when an organization takeover a portion of its rival organization, it annul the opposition from the market. So as far as business point of view it is in every case great to retain contenders business if that is beneficial. In the event of BP obtaining after their fiasco in Gulf of Mexico, there were numerous detriments because of their colossal liabilities in the US showcase. From the administrative point of view it was exceptionally hard to choose about the procurement of BP (Price-Howard and Holladay, 2014). Any organization who will secure BP needs to think about the benefit perspective. Obtaining will likewise incorporate the liabilities of the organization which will be added to the expense of procurement and furthermore the guidelines will be material as the equivalent. Since BP was prohibited in the US advertise So it was hard to work the business in that showcase after securing. These are the variables which will impact the choice of the pioneers of the procuring organization. At the point when an organization takeover another organization the issue emerges in the administration level which devastate the coherence of the initiative in the objective organization. It was discovered that there was a normal 20% loss of the senior official after the merger procedure. From the result of this exploration the obtaining organization will stay in a precarious situation in any event for next ten years which will be a deterrent towards the gainfulness of the association (Grondin, Thibault and Qurel, 2014). Will Low Oil Price Accelerate Bid or another Barrier? In the vast majority of the examination, it has been seen that the economy of US has been considered as one of the famous and the greatest oil shopper. In the majority of the cases, presently days, the administration have been concentrating on the generally lower costs with the goal that it very well may have the option to diminish the vitality utilization. Most importantly the cartel need to make the restart of the authority over the costs of the oil with the goal that the rough qualities can likewise be changed in the middle of the countries. For this situation, the relative creation cost should be shifted in the middle of the countries (Jacoby, 2012). The countries additionally need to build the spending with the goal that the joblessness can be decreased. A large portion of the countries need to push the costs with the goal that the cuts in the creation can be overseen. In the greater part of the discussions, it has been seen that the countries have been building up a portion of the viewpoints with the goal that the worldwide oil costs can be made higher. They are intending to incite the costs at the earn back the original investment focuses so that with the goal that they can have the option to fulfill the needs of the clients. It won't just lead to an expansion of the benefits, and yet, it will likewise prompt an expansion of the development inside the econo

How are social media platforms redefining and revaluating the ties Essay

How are online networking stages reclassifying and revaluating the ties that predicament us together - Essay Example This is delineated by means of as the creator expresses that her entire life is currently moved through correspondence from the telephone. This can be flawlessly depicted as the creator portrays a circumstance wherein a more youthful lady harms her thumb and needs a bandage. However, rather than thumping in her entryway, she sends the individual a content to not meddle security (Turkle 264). This is outside the ability to grasp as innovation has really taken over from all angles, including doing simple undertakings. Web-based social networking has excessively taken an each human undertaking and has computerized it with a personalization. This equivalent situation can be associated when the creator talks about the circumstance with Rebecca, who was fascinated in pets. Her dad recommended that she gets a turtle, however the reasonably would not like to deal with the complexities of keeping a pet. Subsequently, online networking has significantly adjusted this by taking something altrui stic and changing over into an advanced living thing. It can likewise be hazardous in light of the fact that it causes us humankind to lose closeness, cut off human contact, and yet keep up an after for ‘x’ measure of companions and adherents all around. No doubt about it, the creator means the significance of this as he states, â€Å"The world, as we are told is in middle of upheaval. The new looks of internet based life has reevaluated social activism.†(Gladwell 134). No ifs, ands or buts, internet based life has made a way of life, just not a trend that lines up with the future guide in 2020. Before long online networking will assume a colossal job in Artificial insight, a tie that ties us together on the grounds that it makes an insurgency, a one of a kind after, unmatched to anything we have seen. The second component that web based life has enhanced our lives. Web based life has evaluated our lives to a component where our lives have a value esteem. Internet based life gives an approach to look into and interface with influencers that can be evaluated

Internet Addiction

Web Addiction The utilization of the Internet on school grounds and in the public arena has expanded significantly as of late. While the scholastic utilization of the Internet is fundamentally expected for learning and research, the Internet is basically proposed for learning and research. Be that as it may, occasionally, instances of over contribution with the Internet have been seen on various grounds. The web isn't a propensity. It’s a permanent component of present day life. Web Addiction Disorder (IAD) was initially proposed as a confusion in a sarcastic deception by Ivan Goldberg, M. D. , in 1995. He accepting neurotic betting as analyzed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) as his model for the depiction of IAD. It isn't anyway remembered for the current DSM starting at 2009. IAD gets inclusion in the press and conceivable future arrangement as a mental issue keeps on being discussed and inquired about. Online Activities which, whenever done face to face, would regularly be viewed as inconvenient, for example, enthusiastic betting or shopping, are in some cases called net impulses. Others, for example, perusing or playing PC games, are upsetting just to the degree that these exercises meddle with ordinary life. Supporters of turmoil arrangement frequently isolate IAD into subtypes by action, for example, exorbitant survey of sex entertainment, overpowering and extreme gaming, wrong association in online long range informal communication destinations or blogging, and web shopping habit. One counter contention is that habitual practices may not themselves be addictive (http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Internet_addiction_disorder). In certain regards, addictive utilization of the Internet looks like other purported â€Å"process† addictions, in which an individual is dependent on an action or conduct as opposed to a substance (mind-set modifying drugs, tobacco, food, and so forth). Individuals who create issues with their Internet use may begin utilizing the Internet on an easygoing premise and afterward progress to utilizing the innovation in broken manners. Numerous individuals accept that investing a lot of energy in the Internet is a center component of the turmoil. The measure of time without anyone else, in any case, isn't as significant a factor as the manners by which the person’s Internet use is meddling with their day by day working. Utilization of the Internet may meddle with the person’s public activity, school work, or occupation related undertakings at work. Also, cases have been accounted for of people entering to be a patient with that scatter so as to get consideration or compassion. Treatment alternatives regularly reflect those for different addictions. Albeit just a restricted measure of research has been done on this issue, the medications that have been utilized have all the earmarks of being viable (http://www. inddisorders. com/Flu-Inv/Internet-fixation issue. html). Dr. Goldberg brought up two primary attributes of IA: utilizing the Internet prompts consistent misery; and harms physical, relational, economic wellbeing. Individuals trust IA is much the same as the medication or cigarette habit, however the thera pists accept it’s simply like the gaming compulsion. Around 83 million Americans were associated with Internet in August 1999, continuously 2000 the quantity of those expanded by 12 million. As the quantity of web users’ increment, the quantity of web addicts increments, and issues it causes. It is a debacle, since we just know a not many about the genuine idea of the web dependence and treatment strategies. As indicated by measurement look into consistently web client is a web fiend, they spend their lives at visits, discussions, web based games and other internet providers. They slice their words and sentences to two or three letters like AFK, BB, and MU, to spare the ideal opportunity for web looking. Most of web addicts are adolescents; individuals that are simply have begun their life, which need to remain outside as long as it is conceivable to grow up solid, keen and smart. Be that as it may, they invested their energy sitting before the shining screen, conversing with virtual companions about the virtual issues of virtual individuals whom they have never at any point witnesses firsthand, and most likely never will. They perceive the world through Internet data, composed by anonymous somebody for nondescript anybody. At the point when they need a book they never go to library, rather they go to Yandex or Google, compose the name of the writer and the novel they need and here you go, the advanced duplicate of endless Dostoevsky’s â€Å"Idiot† limited from a many pages to two or three kilobytes. The flash of the screen prompts the visual disability, anorexia. Espresso, that encourages web clients to keep their selves vigil, causes the stomach upset. It’s an irreversible procedure that changes the entire idea of human clairvoyant and physic. As should be obvious the web habit is an incredibly perilous illness, and it’s critical to realize how to remember it, so as to help and spare those you care about (http://www. thelanaddiction. com/file. html). As indicated by Grohol (1999), si ce the parts of the Internet where individuals are investing the best measure of energy online has to do with social cooperations, no doubt socialization is the thing that makes the Internet so â€Å"addicting†. That’s rightâ€plain old spending time with others and conversing with them. Regardless of whether it’s by means of email, a conversation structure, talk, or a game on the web, (for example, MUD), individuals are investing this energy trading data, backi ng, and babble with others simply such as themselves. Would we ever describe whenever spent in reality with companions as â€Å"addicting†? Obviously not, young people chat on the telephone for quite a long time, with others they see each day! Do we say they are dependent on the phone? Obviously not, individuals lose hours one after another, drenched in a book, disregarding loved ones, and frequently not in any event, getting the telephone when it rings. Do we say they are dependent on the book? Obviously not, if a few clinicians and analysts are currently going to begin characterizing fixation as social cooperations, at that point each certifiable social relationship we have is an addictive one. Additionally, in potential clarifications for obsessive use, Young (1996) started phone studies to officially examine neurotic Internet use (PIU) in light of changed rules of Pathological Gambling characterized in the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1995). Contextual analyses demonstrated that Dependents grouped utilized the Internet a normal of thirty-eight hours out of each week for non-scholarly or non-business related purposes which caused impeding impacts, for example, less than stellar score execution among understudies, friction among couples, and diminish work execution among representatives. This is contrasted with non-addicts in this investigation who utilized the Internet a normal of eight hours out of each week with no critical results revealed. Resulting research on PIU dependent on a self report assurance of compulsion was led using on the web overview strategies. Brenner (1996) got 185 reactions in a single month to his online study in regards to standards of conduct related with the Internet. His overview demonstrated that 17% utilized the Internet over 40 hours out of each week, 58% said that others had grumbled about their inordinate net utilization, and 46% showed getting under 4 hours of rest for every night because generally night log ins. Egger (1996) got 450 reactions to his online study. Self-purported addicts in this examination regularly looked forward their next net meeting, felt apprehensive when disconnected, lied about their online use, effectively forgot about time, and felt the Internet caused issues on their occupations, funds, and socially. Steve Thompson (1996) built up the â€Å"McSurvey† which yielded 104 substantial reactions. Among respondents to his online overview, 72% felt dependent and 33% felt their web use negatively affected their lives. Studies led on school grounds (Morhan-Martin, 1997; Scherer, 1997) additionally bolstered that understudies endured noteworthy scholastic and connections disability because of over the top and uncontrolled Internet utilization. Formal Computer/Internet compulsion treatment focuses have been built up at such clinical setting as Proctor Hospital in Peoria, Illinois and Harvard subsidiary McLean Hospital in light of the genuine hindrance brought about by PIU. The Internet itself is a term which speaks to various sorts of capacities that are available on the web. In this manner, before talking about addictive nature of the Internet, one must analyze the sorts of utilizations being utilized. When wards were asked â€Å"What applications do you most use on the Internet? †, 35% demonstrated talk rooms, 28% MUDs, 15% News gatherings, 13% E-mail, 7% WWW, and 2% Information Protocols (e. g. gopher, ftp, and so forth ). Upon assessment, conventional data conventions and Web pages were the least used among Dependents contrasted with over 90% of respondents who got dependent on the two way correspondence capacities: visit rooms, MUDs, news gatherings. Or on the other hand email. This puts forth the defense that the database look, while intriguing and in many cases tedious are not genuine reasons Dependents become dependent on the Internet. Talk rooms and MUDs were the two most used mediums which both permit different online clients to at the same time convey continuously; like having a phone discussion with the exception of as composed messages. More than 1,000 clients can possess a solitary virtual region. Content parchments rapidly up the screen with answers, questions, or remarks to each other. Privatized messages are another accessible choice which permits just a solitary client to peruse message sent. Multi-client Dungeons, all the more usually known as MUDs, contrast from talk rooms as these are an electronic side project the old Dungeon and Dragons games where players assume personality jobs. There are actually several unique MUDs extending in topics from space fight

Controlled Heroin Use and Addiction

Controlled Heroin Use and Addiction Addiction Drug Use Heroin Print Controlled Heroin Use and Addiction By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 08, 2020 Controlled heroin use is possible for some users. Mario13 / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Heroin Cocaine Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Is controlled heroin use possible? Many drug users wonder whether controlled heroin use â€" recreational use of heroin without becoming addicted â€" is possible. Although this is a very under-researched area of the addictions field, and most research points to heroin users becoming addicted and suffering from severe problems, there was research in 2014 indicating that some heroin users get away with occasionally using heroin without becoming addicted.?? Stigma Among Physicians Research in 2016 has shown that physicians have a lot of hesitation around the prescription of opiate pain medication, with their view of patients they are considering prescribing pain medication to being divided between those who are seen as deserving pain patients, and those that are considered to be drug-seeking.?? Even back in 1962, Dr. Zinberg found that physicians were reluctant to prescribe opiate pain medication to patients who needed it, for fear that the patients would become addicted. Yet this fear was based on the social and cultural expectations of the physicians, not on fact. In reality, Zinberg noticed that very few patients in the hospital became addicted to prescribed opioids. This was Zinbergs first experience of how setting can affect subsequent addiction.?? While we might expect physicians to be objective and fair in the way that they view their patients, nothing could be further from the truth. Physicians often believe that judging patients is part of their job, as they soothe genuine pain patients while avoiding the possibility that they are enabling the addiction of drug seekers. What Research Says Dr. Norman Zinberg of Harvard Medical School carried out clinical work with drug users for over twenty years and conducted a series of studies of people who were using illicit drugs, such as heroin. He found that not all drug users lost control over their use and became addicted, and that set and setting were key factors in determining whether or not an individual lost control of their drug use.?? In researching British heroin addicts in the late 1960s, when heroin could be legally prescribed to those who were addicted, Zinberg found that there were two distinct types of heroin addict â€" those who were controlled in their use, and had functional and even successful lives, and those who were uncontrolled in their use, saw themselves as defective, and had self-destructive lifestyles. Yet prior to the criminalization of heroin in Britain, neither type was not a cause of social unrest, crime, or public hysteria. Again, Zinberg saw this as an effect of the legal status of heroin in Britain at the time. Zinberg also studied heroin use by distraught American troops in Vietnam, which was excessive and uncontrolled, and he saw as an effort to blot out the trauma they were experiencing there. Once they returned home and were out of the horrific and uncontrolled social setting of Vietnam, 88% did not recommence heroin use, although many had significant problems. Powell, a colleague of Zinbergs, found that it was possible for people to use heroin only occasionally â€" a group known as chippers. These individuals tended to socialize with non-drug using friends, and kept tight control over their heroin use, cutting back as soon as they noticed signs of dependence. This study showed that the controlled use of heroin was possible. 5 Harm Reduction Tips for Heroin Users How Heroin Users Keep Control As Zinbergs work progressed, he proposed that two important aspects of the setting of drug use were important in setting limits and controls around use. These aspects were rituals and social sanctions. Rituals are predictable patterns of behavior, and social sanctions are the values held by the drug users and their related rules of conduct.?? Sanctions include formal rules which reflect the values of the wider society, such as drug laws, and they also include informal, unwritten rules among drug users which restrict the use of drugs, such as knowing your limit. Decades later, the ideas originally proposed by Zinberg are now finally being reflected in the diagnosis of addiction. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, also known as the DSM-V or DSM-5, makes an explicit distinction between opioid use disorder, which involves drug-seeking behavior and compulsive use, and the physiological aspects of opioid withdrawal, which can happen to anyone who is reducing or stopping opioid use, including people on opioid medications who are not addicted.?? In spite of this research, The National Institute of Drug Abuse says that heroin is a highly risky drug,?? typically leading to long-term addiction, multiple serious life problems related to use, and a high probability of relapse. If you havent taken heroin before, it is safer not to risk it. 5 Things Everyone Should Know About Heroin Addiction

Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison Essay - 2475 Words

Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison (Essay Sample) Content: Name: Instructor: Course:Date:Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison With this book, Ellison managed to establish himself among other significant American novelists of his era. In fact, the position he gained in literature through this work not only maintained but also enhanced in the successive decades. Via an increasing series of brilliantly rendered plus powerfully crafted events, many of them swerving wildly from illogical humor to horror plus violence in their blend of realistic descriptions, the book shows its repeated attempts to define the character. He reels from a community system to another, but ends up being disillusioned at every turn (Boyagoda 94). Nevertheless, Ellisons work was written in the socially plus politically turbulent 1940 and remains one of the classic writings about the African-American experience. Indeed, this was the time during Civil Rights movement. The author powerfully tried to address the issues that confronted him and everyone else includi ng racism plus the very subject of personal identity (Ellison 61). He also includes our frustrated desire to establish ourselves in a planet which is figuratively blind. His hero in this work is invisible with the mainstream culture as he is black, though his feelings can effortlessly be comprehended by those who go through the anonymity of modern era. It is the purpose of this paper to compare and contrast aspects from the tale to the life of the author. Most importantly, a critical discussion is provided on similarities that are fictionalized in the narrative that parallel the authors life. The novels narrator or the invisible man is symbolic of many brilliant young African-Americans of his era. With the assumption that many are blind and cannot appreciate him for his values and achievements in life, the storyteller decides to use the title invisible man. Having been born and brought up in the South, the invisible man is portrayed as a star scholar at a college for black students. In fact, he hopes for racial uplift via humility plus had work; a common doctrine preached in institutions in addition to the wider Southern culture. As a matter of fact, his aspiration to get away from the limits of race makes him to be renaissance gentleman. It is important noting that such conception serves as a grounding force in his entire life. Reflecting on the readings, it is understandable that the protagonist communicates the transition from raw southern youth to disillusioned northern liberationist (Allen 23). This included a personal voyage from sightlessness to revelation plus the pilgrimage from blameless persons to established destiny-driven determinism. His sense of self to dream remains strong, despite the challenges experienced in the Southwest. The narrators collision with a world that did not want to recognize his existence plus the incumbent bruises and blackouts lead him to harbors of isolation. One can deduce that isolation changes his way of thinking, thus making him observe blindness in other people. After his innocent idealism gets him in mess, he understands the double standards behind the institutions acclaimed philosophy (Ellison 94). In contrast, we know that the author benefitted from publics welfare. In essence, Ellison never experienced the world in such a crude manner the protagonist did. Perhaps, he was lucky to come from a rather well-to-do family because his dad was an accomplished person having served overseas in the military. In addition, his mother was engaged in politics and possibly she was enlightened. Indeed, after the authors father died, his mum supported him and his brother through working in domestic jobs. It is worth contemplating that the aforesaid factors reveal that the authors life variably contrasted with that of the protagonist. Moreover, different examples in the account show how such factors play a critical role in defining how the authors life contrasted in the life of the central character. However , in terms of comparison, Ellison had to travel later to New York following some confusion over his status of scholarship. Most likely, as portrayed by Ellison, the journey that the invisible man travelled tried to reflect his movement from Tuskegee Institute (Alabama) to New York City (Allen 25). Indeed, Alabama appeared to be an oppressive place apart from the openness of the territory of his birth. Seasoned in the cultural integration of his birthplace, Ellison lived in blended unity plus understanding with other races including Native Americans, blacks, whites and Jews (Ellison 146). On the whole, his travel from Alabama reflects the narrators voyage in the book. Although the author of the book insisted that his work was not biographical in any sense, there appear many contrasting themes plus many similarities between him and his protagonist. Such contrasting themes, which are clearly defined throughout the readings help readers to understand the intended purpose of the narrativ e at large. The author was born in 1913. This was the era during which Europe was venturing its ravaging First World War. On the other hand, America was attaining momentum as a considerable intellectual and economic source of prominence and power but scarred by its bitter history of slavery including the ill-fated programme of Reconstruction (OMeally 67). In reality, Ellisons grandparents were slaves who managed to slough off the binds of bondage for the wish of sharecropping. They also fed their siblings with the seasoned promises of freedom plus self-determined destinies. In the same way, the authors parents decided that their siblings would escape the deficiency that characterized their lives. Nevertheless, Ellisons time in the all-black institute can be compared to narrators challenges in his personal voyage from sightlessness to revelation plus the pilgrimage from blameless persons to established destiny-driven determinism. Without a doubt, such comparison is wide ranging and c omprises various events taking place between the two identities. In particular, Ellisons determination to be accepted is palpable in the book. We know that although race was not spoken in the institute, Ellison noted that money screamed it. In fact, he was perplexed at the class consciousness that separated those who were financially secure from the deprived at the Institute. In real life, Ellisons disgust for his status financially is also reflected in a 1964 interview where he recalled his young years. He imagined a world in which he wore clothes only on Sunday; perhaps because he did not have many clothes to wear (Boyagoda 96). In addition, he recalled taking a walk with his family through the wealthy white- parts of the city. The abovementioned, and many more events define and explore his past in a manner that is comparable to the life of the narrator. Similarly, the narrator in the book had a distaste for his financial position and envied the rich. In other words, it is evide nt that the narrator is an intelligent young man struggling to make ends meet. With the intention to accomplish the purpose of writing the novel, the author has someway achieved his goals. In that sense, he enumerates and defines the reasons why many are leading a blind life. What is more, the narrator insinuates his hatred for white-controlled lifestyle by using his grandfather who was in his deathbed (Ellison 209). Possibly, this resulted out of narrators being forced to strip naked plus fight other young black men in front of white leaders. Altogether, the similarity in authors life and the narrator in the book are evident. Again, a major similarity that is fictionalized involves the narrator introduction to the readers and Ellisons life. The narrator brings himself out right off the slug as the invisible man. In fact, the narrator lives off the unbending, in a warm place in the land where he is hiding away in eagerness of future direct action. Though, before all the direct/visi ble action occurs, he needs to entail his road to realizing his invisibility. In essence, the narrator offers a temporal situation when we learn that his grandparents were ex- slaves freed following the Civil War (Allen 26). Building on a literal point of view, it is true that the narrator uses several examples in order to shed light on his past as well as that of his family members. To some extent, this forms a point of reference from readers are able to compare and contrast phases from the account to the life of the author in that order. As mentioned earlier, the narrators grandfather castigated a white-controlled system. Parallel to the authors life, on the paternal and maternal side of his family, grandparents were enslaved. It is possible that Ellison sought to relate his past to what he wrote in his book. He felt that the past had done him some injustices, and thus the suffering as depicted through his protagonist in the book. Furthermore, the scourge of monetary insecurity wo uld change Ellisons life again after his hopes of an upwardly mobile education were cut short when his scholarship was withdrawn. However, this happened before an English instructor inspired him to take literature as an expressive art form plus introduced him to the suffering tragic heroes including Dostoevsky; figures that Ellison would employ in his work.Also, his time at Tuskegee fashioned the southern institute of the Invisible man populated with the Mr. Nortons plus Dr Bledsoes of his experiences whose pretence inflame his chief character. Their shrouded sightlessness occupied his mind with injured spittle similar to the one which warned to overwhelm the young protagonist after he was forced to fight his schoolmates blindfolded. However, like his protagonist, Ellison jou...

Essay Millay Sonnett Analysis Not in a Silver Casket

Analysis of Millay’s â€Å"Not in a silver casket cool with pearls† Edna St. Vincent Millay’s unconventional childhood, growing up without a father because her mom kicked him out and having to learn independence and responsibility by the age of twelve, influenced her poetry and shaped her as an motivated and self-sufficient individual. By the time â€Å"Vincent†, as she liked to be called, was nineteen years old, she already had already made a name for herself as a formidable poet. A couple discovered her and sponsored her education at Vassar College where Vincent experimented with her sexuality. She openly expressed her bisexuality, and continued to have both male and female sexual partners. When she married Eugen Boissevain, the couple agreed†¦show more content†¦She continues by mentioning the â€Å"ungemmed† hand, because she believes that you don’t need to wear jewelry to express the extent of your love for someone. Women love rubies, sapphires, and pearls, but Edna’s point is that no objects, especia lly traditional objects used to show commitment and affection, are needed for two people to express their love and devotion for one other. Jewelry is more appealing to women, so it may be referenced more when talking to a female lover than it would be if she was trying to share her feelings with a man. Enda refers to â€Å"you† which really puts and emphasis on the fact that there is a specific person that this poem is written to, but it must not be a man because the whole sonnet seems to express a secret love affair that needs to be kept â€Å"secret† or hidden, and the analogies and references made to an open relationship with out any signs of true commitment aside from a weak oath â€Å"not to hurt† the other and an excited expostulation, â€Å"Look what I have!†, to a promise that even though the traditional signs of love are not being utilized in this love affair, that Enda is committing everything she can to her beloved—she’s willing share all her â€Å"apples†. This sonnet has very smooth and fluid feel to it, most of which can be attributed to the iambic pentameter and Elizabethan sonnet rhyme scheme as well as the numerous sound

U.s. Foreign Policy During The Cold War Essay - 918 Words

The overview of The U.S. Foreign Policy The objective of ‘the U.S. foreign policy’ course is to develop personal ability for applying IR theories to the U.S. foreign policy. Then, students will be able to understand the direction as well as the grounds of the U.S. foreign policy. To achieve this objective, I will discuss major the theoretical issues through the brief history of the U.S. foreign policy until the Cold War. After that, I will examine the challenges which the U.S. confronts. One of the theoretical issues in the U.S. foreign policy is the concept of isolationism and internationalism(or interventionism). To comprehend this concept, we need to figure out the history of the U.S. foreign policy briefly to find consistency in the flow of the policies. The Monroe Doctrine, which is famous for the declaration against European Imperialism (Monroe, 1823), was actually not the first argument of isolationism. As a matter of fact, isolationism began from George Washington’s Farewell Address. (Washington, 1796) Meanwhile, President Woodrow Wilson tried to change the America’s isolationism and to realize his liberalism via his Fourteen Points and the League of the Nations. (Wilson, 1918) However, his effort failed with the opposition of the parliament and the interest of World War I’s victorious countries. In 1940s, the U.S. participated and took a significant role in the World War II, and could not hold isolationism due to the threat of communism and Soviet in Europe.Show MoreRelatedU.s. Foreign Policy During The Cold War1912 Words   |  8 Pagesthat it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.† This declaration, made by former President Harry S. Truman on March 12, 1947, is part of the Truman Doctrine, and was the basis for U.S. involvement in Western Europe throughout the Cold War. Although the North Atlantic Treaty, and the resulting North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), was established during the Cold War â€Å"to keep the RussiansRead MoreKorean War : The Cold War1598 Words   |  7 Pageshad already seen two appallingly destructive and costly World wars, just as the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States broke due to their ideological differ ences after World War II, in the midst of the Cold War was the Korean War. The Korean War began on June 25, 1950 when the North Korean People’s Army poured across the 38th parallel, a border between South and North Korea, to attack South Korea. The size of the war quickly grew as it began to involve countries like China, SovietRead MoreAmerican Strategy For U.s. Foreign Policy829 Words   |  4 PagesWalter Russel Mead, a Senior Fellow for U.S. Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, believes that â€Å"American strategy for U.S. foreign policy is shaped from four distinct schools of thought: Hamilton and his protectionist toward commence, Wilson and his sense of moral principles; Jefferson and his maintenance of our democratic system; and Jackson, the advocate of populist values and military might.† Henry Kissinger argued that one of these schools has dominated American strategy and statedRead MoreU.s. Foreign Policy Approaches1424 Words   |  6 PagesT he United States (U.S.) uses two approaches to their foreign policy. The first approach is realism. This viewpoint stresses that the principal actors, states, will pursue their own interests in an anarchical world. States will try to establish a balance of power that restrains aggressive states from dominating weaker ones. The second approach is idealism. This view stresses that states should transform the system into a new international order where peace can prevail. This approach emphases theRead MoreTaking a Look at the Cold War1237 Words   |  5 Pagescovering is the Cold War and question number six. The Roosevelt Administration was determined to avoid a retreat like the one that followed WWI. The United States itself had sole possession of the atomic bomb. The United States goal was to expand democracy. America saw that there needed to be global economic reconstruction. The Soviets looked to model the rest of the world after their own values and origins. It indeed had to do with Soviet Expansion. The Russians didn’t want to go to war with the UnitedRead MoreThe Cold War : American Foreign Policy1476 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Kennan, compared to other writers which have been discussed in this class takes a different approach to the Cold War through the lens of American foreign policy following World War Two in his article, â€Å"After the Cold War: American Foreign Policy in the 1970s.† Kennan, unlike Leffler, Schlesinger, and Brzezinski, believes that the battle between the two nations over hegemony is beyond comparison to the dangers which threaten all of humanity. The threats Kennan provides are environmental, theRead MoreEssay about American Foreign Policy and Global Activism928 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican foreign policy has gone through many changes during our 200 years as an independent nation; our position as a global power has obligated us to participate in world affairs, even when public opinion has been unsupportive. After World War 2 we were only rivaled by the Soviet Union as a superpower; our policy at the time was to establish a righteous world order while simultaneously protecting that order against threats that could tear it down (i.e.: communism). After the end of the cold war theRead MoreThe Interpretation Of The Cold War Has Sparked A Number1694 Words   |  7 PagesThe interpretation of the Cold War has sparked a number of heated debates throughout the historical field over how it should be documented. Who perpetrated and antagonized the world into a nuclear arms race that would last for decades? Was it a battle of East vs. West, or was it one of ideology? Did it even happen as some long-peace historians would suggest? Federico Romero, in his article â€Å"Cold War Historiography at the Crossroads,† organizes these historians into three groups; orthodox, revisionistRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1608 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States (U.S) government s case, this change was th rust upon them in the form of the Vietnam War. The Vietnam war forced the U.S’s hand in adopting a very aggressive form of foreign policy. The Vietnam war was highly controversial and unpopular with the American public. The United States’ involvement in the Vietnam war lasted from 1965-1972, and it was the first war to fight Guerilla fighters head on in the U.S. This pressured the U.S to adopt a very aggressive form of foreign policy to combatRead MoreThe Politics Of Power By Ira Katznelson1315 Words   |  6 PagesIn the chapter â€Å"Foreign Policy† in the book, â€Å"The Politics of Power† by Ira Katznelson, Mark Kesselman, and Alan Draper, describes in detail of the events leading to America’s great level of dominance. Throughout the chapter, a few key points were made. The main three points that were observed in this chapter consisted of America’s influence and global expansion, the transition into the globalization era, and environmental problems. From the beginning of the exploration era, to the globalization

The Economic Impact Of A Legalized Marijuana Industry

The economic impact of a legalized marijuana industry is often overstated by casual advocates. Some even make a ludicrous suggestion that it would pay off the national debt. Legal marijuana, just like any other solution alone, can’t fix our national debt. It was $16.4 trillion when it reached the debt ceiling on December 31, 2012. Nevertheless, there clearly are no perfect forecasts for determining the potential economic impact from the legal marijuana industry in the future. However, according to the available data, approximately 1 in every 10 Americans smokes marijuana at least once a year. Among them, about 24 million Americans smoke marijuana on a regular basis. CNBC offered a moderate estimate that a fully legal marijuana industry would generate $16-20 billion a year in taxes and $40 billion a year in sales. Clearly legal marijuana wouldn’t be the economic miracle as some people expect it to be, but it still represents a massive economic impact. As the former Se nator Everett Dirksen reportedly once said, â€Å"A billion here, a billion there, and pretty soon you’re talking real money.† Colorado’s decision to legalize recreational and medical marijuana has added over $100 million to the state’s budget annually. First, the state collected $76 million in taxes and fees from the legal marijuana industry. Secondly, the state’s criminal justice costs were reduced by up to $40 million annually, according to a conservative estimate by the Colorado Center on Law and Policy. InShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Marijuan A Positive And Negative Effects On American Society849 Words   |  4 PagesThe legalization of marijuana can have many positive and negative effects on American society. State budgets are constantly looking for new avenues of revenue and ways to create new industry. The legal system in place is exhausted and unable to sustain the current rate of incarceration and enforcement. Our jails and prisons are overcrowded and law enforcement budgets are challenged every year trying to keep up with the enforcement of marijuana use, smuggling a nd production in addition to its otherRead MoreReasons : Should There Be Label Warnings?788 Words   |  4 Pagesconsume and use today, under the regulation of the FDA †¢ According to the FDA â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"marijuana and marijuana-derived products† are â€Å"drugs (Ascik, 2017).† †¢ According to the DEA, â€Å"marijuana is a mind-altering (psychoactive) drug (Ascik, 2017).† †¢ In 1996 the Surgeon General’s wrote a report describing marijuana as an â€Å"addictive drug† †¢ Despite its legalization in many states today, the FDA still has not deemed marijuana to be safe or effective for consumption. (Ascik, 2017) Slide 2 Should ThereRead MoreMarijuana Should Not Be Beneficial For Medical Purposes1080 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana has proven to be beneficial for medical purposes. It has therapeutic effects that will ultimately allow patients with adverse health conditions to improve their quality of life. Legalizing marijuana can also improve the state of the United States’ economy through taxation and creation of job opportunities. Additionally, it can reduce the crime rate in the United States and save the United States tons of money. Contrarily, marijuana should not be legalized for recreational usage. ExtensiveRead MoreThe Battle Of Legalizing Marijuana1289 Words   |  6 Pages1st Hour 4/20/17 The Battle to Legalize Marijuana in the United States The United States is splitting up into two sides with the date of 4/20 coming closer with one wanting the legalization of the plant substance and the other opposing it. According to the United Nations, 158.8 million people around the world use marijuana—more than 3.8% of the planet’s population. Marijuana was legalized on the 20th of April in Colorado in 2014. It has been legalized in various other states such as: Alaska, CaliforniaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1269 Words   |  6 PagesLegalizing Marijuana Marijuana is most commercialized drug in the world, so why not just legalize it? Although there are legal restraints against marijuana, 1 in 3 Americans have tried it, out of curiosity at least once. Multiple studies have proven that, marijuana is psychologically and physically healing. Medical marijuana should be legalized for its beneficial advantages, such as, treating or preventing health conditions, increases in tax revenues, and improvements in our communities. Marijuana, mostRead MoreLegalizing Marijuana1422 Words   |  6 PagesCannabis Sativa, more commonly known as Marijuana, is made up of dried parts of the Cannabis hemp plant and is the most commonly used illegal drug in the United States. For centuries, people all over the world have been using marijuana to achieve â€Å"euphoria†, but the drug has remained illegal in the United States despite countless efforts to reverse the law. In the last few years, the legalization of Marijuana became both a prominent and controversial issue in our country and remains an extremelyRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?971 Words   |  4 PagesEconomic analysts from all over the United States have predicted that we spend $20 billion dollars a year to fight a senseless war on marijuana. According to the United Nation over 94 million people in the United States have admitted to using marijuana at least once. This number is not shocking, because marijuana is a safe and harmless drug. Marij uana is used for several different medical purposes. It is also healthier than already legalized drugs. The prohibition on marijuana is failing, there isRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1638 Words   |  7 PagesCannabis Should Be Legalized in the United States In 1920 when alcohol prohibition began the war against cannabis had been going strong for a decade. In 1910 the Mexican Revolution created a surplus of Mexican immigrants in the United States; American citizens were frightened by the Mexican culture, including their recreational use of cannabis (Marijuana Legalization, 2015, para 7). Politicians continued to use fear and racism to grow disapproval and hatred of cannabis. Beginning in 1915 twenty-nineRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1521 Words   |  7 Pagesoutdoor trips. This list has been enlarged by a legalized access to recreational marijuana in January 2014. People from other states can now stop by marijuana dispensary and purchase up to  ¼ ounce of retail marijuana at once. According to the Marijuana Policy Group research, out-of-state visitors purchase 44% of metro area retail demand and about 90% of retail demand in mountain counties. This demand from tourists has increased income of Colorado marijuana dispensarie s dramatically. However, as thereRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1229 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is the most popular street drug in America, if not in the entire world. It is a Schedule 1 drug which puts it in the same category as Heroin, LSD, MDMA, Ecstacy, etc., which are the most dangerous drugs in the world that can seriously harm someone. But Marijuana is now legalized in Twenty-Six states, plus the District of Columbia, for medicinal and/or recreational use. Even though cannabis is an illegal drug, hundreds of millions of people are still finding ways to get a hold of Marijuana

Essay about Women´s Right The Pill and Plan B - 663 Words

Does History Repeat Itself? Since the begging of time, women have always been judge harshly and have had certain standards and requirements held against them, that are presented to the community as expectable behavior for women. Women have struggled for independence and rights throughout history and currently in some places in the world; where women are limited to certain activities, political and religious beliefs. â€Å"The pill† and plan b which are oral contraception pills or also known as birth control, contributed immensely on the dramatic change of the social and sexual landscape in the United Stated and other counties in the world. It forever changed the fate women where always protrude to carry out thought their lives and certainly†¦show more content†¦It allowed them to expand their future, pursue a higher education and carrier. Women where no longer forced into motherhood but could now have the choice to shape their own lives and decide when and how many k ids they want. Plan B is similar to the Birth control, but instead is an emergency contraception used after unprotected sex or after contraception has failed. Plan B was approved by the FDA in 1999 and unlike birth control in the 1960’s there where stronger age restrictions on the drug, but soon requirements changed for availability to teen age girl. In our society today many girls are being exposed to sexual activity at an early age some acts sadly being of sexual abuse and rape. Plan B is a form to avoided unwanted pregnancies and abortions. I believe women everywhere should have access to a form of birth control or contraception of their choose but unfortunately it seems to be effecting our communities and societies morals. The rate of teen pregnancies rises and I believe it’s the lack of information given to women. Most teens now believe its okay to be sexually active at an early age without facing any consequences in the future. They believe birth control and plan b is an easy way out but in reality it is not like that, these drugs cannot protect you form sexually transmitted diseases and are not always effective. As our society changes and our older beliefs and morals held to womenShow MoreRelatedThe Plan B Pill1608 Words   |  6 PagesAs attested by the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo, women have the right to control the number and timing of their pregnancies. In order to exercise this right, women throughout the world need access to the different types of contraceptives, as well as to safe abortion services. While most contraceptives are used as preventative measures prior to or during intercourse, some methods can be used within a short time after unprotected intercourse or failed use ofRead More Murder for Hire Essays1571 Words   |  7 Pagesexclai m, â€Å"Abortion is Murder†, â€Å"Right to Life†, and â€Å"Pro-Life.† The March for Life protest attracts approximately one quarter of a million people from across the country annually to demonstrate their disdain for abortion. Ever since the Supreme Court ruling on Roe v. Wade in 1973, Americans and lawmakers alike remain in constant dispute over the moral and legal issues of early pregnancy termination. Those opposed to abortion strongly believe that abortion negates the Right to Life, and they considerRead MoreThe Abortion Shouldn t Be Banned919 Words   |  4 Pagesyet it is completely legal. Anyone in the general public can receive a late term abortion which can be carried out up to twenty-four weeks, that is six months into a pregnancy. The article â€Å"Late Term Abortion Shouldn’t be Banned† by the Abortions Rights Coalition of Canada, supports and commends the idea of late term abortion. They state that late term abortion are only used when medically necessary. There are multiple ways to prevent pregnancy that can eliminate the need for abortions. The processRead MoreEffects Of Birth Control On Children1719 Words   |  7 Pagesconditions. Birth control may also cause women to encounter side effects like nausea, headaches, weight gain or loss, or mood swings. Despite these side effects, birth control is a very effective and beneficial drug that is used by countless women worldwide. Birth control, also named contraceptive, is a drug widely used to prevent pregnancy and other different medical issues within the female body. It uses the hormones estrogen and progestin to, â€Å"prevent a woman s ovary from releasing an egg during herRead MoreTeen Pregnancy And Teenage Pregnancy1456 Words   |  6 Pageshealth problems, experience failure in school or come into contact with the criminal justice system (Delaying Parenthood). Some women are forced to spend thousands of dollars a year on child care. Some others might have to stay at home and put five years of their lives on hold because there are no other affordable options. In five years, one could complete a bachelor s degree, climb a few rungs up the corporate ladder, or save up enough money to put a down payment on a new house (Gonzalez). TheRead MoreMandated Coverage For Birth Control On Health Insurance Plans957 Words   |  4 Pagesrestrictions are implemented on reproductive care. In 2014 there was a heated debate on whether there should be a mandated coverage for birth control on health insurance plans. According to a survey by the University of Michigan Health System, 69% of ad ults in the United States support this requirement in health insurance plans and the people who oppose this requirement is less than 10%. There have been other laws made by states recently that are affecting birth control and abortions. For exampleRead MoreAbortion : Women s Private Issues892 Words   |  4 PagesI. Introduction. When it comes to contraception and the right to an abortion, one would think these are women’s private issues because pregnancy takes place in a woman’s body. It is an intensive process of holding another living creature in her system for nine months, which would mean that the woman would have to stop her other duties in order to take care of herself and this being. Her schooling, her job, and anything else in her life. As such, it is her choice whether she wants to, or even hasRead MoreAbortion : An Incorrect Decision1592 Words   |  7 Pageshas become common in the United States, as well as other places. In 2014, 977,000 abortions occurred in the United States alone. Although this number has decreased since 2011 when the number was 1.06 million abortions, it is still too high (U.S.). Women are getting abortions without considering the very real aspect that they are taking a human life, endangering themselves in the process, and that there are various other options. Human life begins at the moment of conception. People willRead MoreThe Case Of Roe V. Wade1455 Words   |  6 Pageswould change women’s rights for years to come. This controversial case made it legal to have an abortion, which made it safer for women around the country. In 1972, a year before Roe v. Wade, there were approximately 587,000 illegal abortions performed (Roe v. Wade). These abortions were highly dangerous because they lacked medical equipment and a trained professional. In some instances, the mother could even die from the procedure. As a feminist, I believe women should have the right to their own bodyRead MoreBirth Control : A Controversial Topic Since The 1960 S1718 Words   |  7 Pagescontroversial topic since the 1960’s, when the pill arose on the scene and gained popularity. Men and women of certain religious faiths have sought to prevent other women from using birth control. However, most women want to be able to choose when the time is right for them to have a child. This is why birth control is essential, because it allows women and couples in general the freedom to choose and plan their families. In many cases the need to control women by controlling their access to birth

Short Samples of Argumentative Essay Reviews & Guide

Short Samples of Argumentative Essay Reviews & Guide Whispered Short Samples of Argumentative Essay Secrets Low price cost effective assignments help is given to the students by the internet assignment helpers. Since you may see, there's a multitude of different argumentative paper titles you are able to utilize. Benefits of Online essay Writing Services Essay writing is a trying undertaking for the majority of the students today. Argumentative writings is a particular kind of a paper. The Short Samples of Argumentative Essay Stories You are both genuinely fine folks, who I am confident will make a huge illustration of what a marriage needs to be. The problems of gay couples have to be addressed at a massive scale so that their rights for individual freedom don't get clipped. A great marriage is more valuable than anything you can picture. It is like a good marriage. Last, you also need to have the ability to talk about either side of the argument to provide a round ed essay. Old couples make-up easily. Relevant Topics that are related to your society will engage the reader in the most effective possible method. Students may also locate the gay marriage essay conclusion at the conclusion of the sample. There are many components of an argument, and it's good you've jotted down and made an outline of how you would like your arguments to flow. Then, the objective (or aim of the applicant) is listed. What you should do is to talk about the topic. So if you're also going through the identical phase and find it difficult to even begin the thesis statement of the essay then approach the talented scholars in time. Introduction Your introduction needs to be compelling. Also, you can look for sample expository essay topics so you will be aware of what to research and that which you will deal with. You have to be able to use persuasive language. The Basic Facts of Short Samples of Argumentative Essay Resources will provide you with a start, not just in deciding on a topic, but likewise an approximate plan for your upcoming article. Perhaps your topic will be relevant for different men and women who had a similar circumstance. Political issues are the ideal example. Environmental problems, such as climate change, are undoubtedly among the most vital ones nowadays, and that's why many students are often given the job of writing an academic paper about the surroundings. In some instances such kind of writing is also called persuasive writing and demands some acute writing abilities. Every paragraph must cover 1 topic in making the circulation of the essay smooth. The range of paragraphs to be used, is dependent on the term limit and the range of arguments that you're raising. Ultimately, the checking of spelling and grammar is a fundamental part of the resume process. There are various resources that will provide you a thorough plan for making your essay, but there are 5 key criteria for selecting a topic. Today numerous such on-line sites are available which are all set to assist students with any sort of difficult essay topics within any time given. There are a few topics which are absolutely unseen and students find difficulty in locating the suitable direction and method of information collection. An extensive collection of inspiring suggestions are sure to help you produce a fantastic topic for an academic paper associated with economic depression in 1930s.

Rick Fisher over there, over here Essay Example For Students

Rick Fisher: over there, over here Essay British theatre people dont get much busier than American lighting designer Rick Fisher, who this spring at last gets to make the splash in New York that he has been making in London for some time. His vehicle? Stephen Daldrys acclaimed Royal National Theatre production of An Inspector Calls, the J. B. Priestley revival which has galvanized London for the past 18 months and opens April 24 at the Royale on Broadway. In conjunction with Daldry and set designer lan MacNeil (son of PBS-TV newsman Robert MacNeil), Fisher turns a 1945 theatrical warhorse into a politically charged expressionist nightmare about the (literal) collapse of one social order and the emergence out of the wreckage of another. While some English commentators rolled their eyes when they heard the National was reviving Inspector, Fisher and company suggest that there are no dated plays, only dated approaches to them. In this neo-Gothic staging, the play becomes not just a metaphysical thriller but a pertinent comment on the Thatcher years and beyond. Its a fierce indictment of a selfabsorbed, privileged class dining while England decays; and Fishers spooky, foreboding lighting sets the essential tone from the start. Im very proud of my work on it, Fisher, 39, says now of a project that went through rough patches on the way to becoming a hit. As he recalls, It could have gone either way. There was the legendary first preview where it just didnt work and everyone freaked out. Everything felt out of balance, and the performances didnt take over and assert themselves. It took a long time for the company and the production to feel neither was swamping the other. The aim, he says, is for a huge production where the play completely wins, and it all works together. By the time we opened it here , I knew it was major. Fisher sheds light on his own illumination of the text: The only person who has a shadow in the show is the Inspector; in the opening appearance, he casts a big shadow of himself on the house. The Birling family residence, meanwhile, is very cozy and warm and rather jolly, but as soon as they come to the outside world it changes to a colder world of blues and greens that is much more deathly. His technique relies on the kind of sidelighting used in dance to gain a tight control of the space. One of the nicest compliments someone said about Inspector was it looked as if it were lit from within. That means you never have trouble seeing people, but you still have a sense of the barrenness and the darkness that goes with the overall stage language. Out of breath An Inspector Calls is merely the current calling card of a designer who has seemingly been everywhere of late in British theatre and opera. He, MacNeil and Daldry teamed up again last October for the National Theatre debut of Machinal, achieving what many saw as a second coup even if, to this observer at least, their joint aesthetic on that occasion swamped Sophie Treadwells play. Far more revelatory has been Fishers work with director David Leveaux on Pinter texts old (Betrayan) and new (Moonlight), and his exuberant contribution last summer to young director Matthew Warchuss West End Much Ado About Nothing, starring Mark Rylance and Janet McTeer. Indeed, for a while last season virtually every London opening seemed to be his-from Peter Shaffers Gift of the Gorgon, since mooted for Broadway, to Terry Johnsons Royal Court Hysteda, about Sigmund Freud. Out of breath is what its got at the moment, Fisher says with a laugh of his career, having moved to London from Philadelphia in 1975 and scarcely looked back since. I was doing freelance stage managing, lighting and sound, and the lighting was what seemed to get noticed. I used to lock myself in the theatre and hang the lights and if I didnt like what Id done, Id move it. I never intended to be a lighting designer; it was only about six or seven years ago when I realized that was what seemed to be in the cards. .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65 , .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65 .postImageUrl , .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65 , .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65:hover , .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65:visited , .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65:active { border:0!important; } .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65:active , .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65 .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u028116d1ff0463f37d6df6b586eceb65:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Theatre of the 21st Century EssayIn London, he says, he responded at once to an attitude towards theatre that made it easier for people of his generation to both do, and see, work. I would go to the theatre and there were people like myself in the audience, whereas you go to the theatre in America, and there were people like our aunts and uncles. And as much as we dearly love our aunts and uncles, we dont want to work 80 hours a day to provide entertainment just for them. You want to work for your peers. The pressure, too, on designers in London was of a different-and preferablesort. My suspicion in New York is that youre always as good as your last show, says Fisher, who first worked on Broadway in the ill-fated transfer of Serious Money and then again on Lincoln Centers Some Americans Abroad. If the show isnt a hit, people will shy away from you, as if you were tinged with failure. Its all so much more about money because theres a lot more capital resting on every show. At this point, Fisher can afford to pick and choose, and speaks of trying to get more relaxed about work and not booking myself up too much. Still, following the Manhattan Theatre Club debut of Timberlake Wertenbakers Three Birds Alighting on a Field, he is set to re-team this spring with that plays director, Max Stafford-clark, on a new Sue Townsend play, The Queen and L In May, he and director Phyllida Lloyd, his colleague on both Hysteria and the London production of Six Degrees of Separation, open a new Pericles at the National. In England, hes found the proper environment to sustain a lasting career. In America, the lighting Ive seen is often so wonderfully detailed, so perfect and neat. But the problem is you dont do as much work as you would like so every time you do a project, its got to be the summation of your artistic being; thats a lot of emotional baggage to put on lighting or sets. Here, each show is another piece in the body of my work. It doesnt have to be the be-all and end-all of my life.

Southwest Airlines Challenged Global Crisis-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Southwest Airlines Challenged Global Crisis? Answer: Introducation Airline Industry has always been an industry of interest to many business people, professionals and academics because of economic effect of the industry. The attractiveness of US airline industry can be analyzed by using some of Porters forces; Threat of New Entrants In United States airline industry, entry barriers were softening pre 9/11 due to government deregulation laws and policies. Low cost carriers were able to distinguish their services through their pricing strategy. Bargaining Power of Suppliers It was possible to overcome the suppliers power by using the cheaper airports and reducing the charges for landing space. Industry Rivalry Prior to 9/11, the rivalry among airline industry was intense because all the players are competing for similar customer base and it has reduced the attractiveness of US airline industry (Hannigan, Hamilton Mudambi, 2015). 9/11 terrorist attack has been a major shock for the US Airline Industry and this event had a large impact on internal and external environment of this industry. After this attack, the industry has lost approximately $30 billion. It is the fact that this event has rebuilt the operating environment of the sector. Political environment has also changed post this terrorism attack. However, domestic airline industry in US has experienced increasing operating income, but it is still less cost effective and profitable than other industries in country. The industry is facing service problems, which need to implement some new regulations of competitive practices of airlines. In this country, travelers were frustrated because of more offensive security processes (Cameron, 2017). The costs of fuel were also uncertain and new entrants put the pressure on executives. These factors indicate that attractiveness of US airline industry is moderate. There is the need of improvement in some areas of industry. The government should take some initiatives to enhance the attractiveness of US airline industry. In US Airline industry, Southwest Airlines had made several efforts to overcome the negative impact of 9/11 attack. The organization has implemented effective strategies, like; it has focused on building its management team. It has found out that there are two types of travelers, i.e. time oriented, convenience travelers and price sensitive leisure travelers. By focusing on these target audiences, Southwest Airlines has developed the pricing strategies in two tiers accordingly. In this way, the organization has been implemented cost leadership strategy. In addition to this, it is using effective marketing and promotion strategies and posting attractive ads with impressive tagline (Asahi, Murakami, 2017). Apart from this, the company has established an effective work culture and treated its employees with respect and equality. It has developed the organizational culture, which places the employees as first customers and travelers as second customers. Because of this, employee feel extremely motivated to operate the flights according to the schedules and treat the passengers in a friendly and effective way. Thus the strategies, which are critical to the success of Southwest, are focus on short haul trips, lower fares and on time services to its customers. There are various reasons behind the success of Southwest Airlines in US. The major reasons are like; its cost leadership strategy, innovation, effective management, culture and customer intimacy. Southwest Airlines has developed three categories of fare, which include higher fare for the business professionals. The organization has made various innovative changes in its operations and processes such as; renovating the gate areas, which will include power ports, television monitors, seas and new tables, new boarding procedures etc. In addition to this, it focused on promoting the two bags fly free campaign (Inkpen, 2011). One of the most effective success factors is that Southwest Airlines is emphasizing on its employees and encouraged them to become more innovative. Thus, there are the reasons, why Southwest Airlines is successful in US Airline industry. Southwest Airlines is using very unique strategy to stay competitive in the US Airline Industry. There were so many firms, which tried to imitate its business model and strategy, but they were unsuccessful. From the case study, it can be analyzed that Southwest Airlines has implemented a successful strategy via its unique culture, strong leadership and excellent treatment with employees (Johnson, 2016). These are the major competencies of this airline, which make it more difficult for other players to imitate strategy of Southwest effectively. It was the first airline to introduce the internet page and enabled online tickets sale. Thus, it can be stated that it is impossible to imitate its strategy as there are many unique facts, which is the foremost reason behind its success. This unique strategy of Southwest Airlines is sustainable because this organization is able to sustain its low cost strategy, but current business environment poses some threats like; technology advanced airlines, possible loss of operating productivity, investment on gate construction. With this strategy, Southwest Airlines will be able to generate more profits and revenues and have strong position in US Airline industry (Potti, 2017). By enhancing the morale and productivity of employees, the organization will be able to contribute the industry effectively. Thus, the strategy of Southwest Airlines is sustainable and it will allow the Southwest Airlines to maintain its position as most strongest and prosperous airline in United States. After looking at Southwests strategies and operations, it can be said that Southwest Airlines should become an international airline. The organization should expand its business to new and attractive destinations. For this, Southern American nations, Canada, Caribbean Sea and Islands of Mexican Golf will be the new potential markets. In these countries, the firm will have more business opportunities for growth and success. Recently, the organization has introduced its flights to many northeast airports, inclusive of New Hampshire, Long Island and Hartford. Till 2011, this airline had not expanded the business in any market outside the United States (Zou, Elke, Hansen, Kafle, 2014). The organization had made changes in its services and operations and implemented effective pricing and marketing strategies. These are the major factors, which give it potential to become an international airline and operate business in above mentioned destinations. References Asahi, R., Murakami, H. (2017). Effects of Southwest Airlines' entry and airport dominance.Journal of Air Transport Management,64, 86-90. Cameron, K. (2017). How Southwest Airlines challenged a global crisis.The Business Management Collection. Hannigan, T. J., Hamilton III, R. D., Mudambi, R. (2015). Competition and competitiveness in the US airline industry.Competitiveness Review,25(2), 134-155. Inkpen, A.C. (2011). Southwest Airlines. Thunderbird School of Global Management. Johnson, J.L. (2016). Opinion: Nine Reasons Why I Think Southwest is the Best. Retrieved from https://www.airlinereporter.com/2016/05/opinion-nine-reasons-southwest-best/. (Accessed on 25 January 2018). Potti, R. (2017). Southwest Airlines: Successful And Sustainable For Long-Term Investors. Retrieved from https://seekingalpha.com/article/4105293-southwest-airlines-successful-sustainable-long-term-investors. (Accessed on 25 January 2018). Zou, B., Elke, M., Hansen, M., Kafle, N. (2014). Evaluating air carrier fuel efficiency in the US civil-engineering industry.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,59, 306-330.

Tips For Writing Your Student Parcc Essay

Tips For Writing Your Student Parcc EssayThe best way to improve your writing skills is to use student parcc essay samples. The use of sample papers, or classroom essays can help you to learn the correct grammar and style as well as building up confidence in your knowledge.The first thing you should remember when using student parcc essay samples is that you are using a paper in class with no real knowledge of grammar. Remember to not get too engrossed in the task because the only purpose of this exercise is to hone your writing skills.Another thing to remember is that essay samples must be written properly and in a format that will allow for easier editing. You will have a much easier time coming up with a suitable essay when it is well written. So make sure you follow these guidelines:In order to avoid some spelling and grammar mistakes, always spell out all the words you use. This will keep your sentence structure simple and prevent you from using confusing words. Do not add fille r words to keep your sentence to five or six words.Using keywords and powerful verbs to describe your point is also very important in writing a student parcc essay. Do not use unimportant words like 'always', 'almost'completely'. Make sure you know your topic before writing. Using specific words such as 'I', 'my', 'me'we' is important as it helps build up the relationship between the writer and reader.When you have finished your main point, you should include all the points that support your argument. This is what builds the credibility of your paper.Overall, student parcc essay samples are an easy way to improve your writing skills. Do not think that the useof such papers is only for the smartest students, anyone can benefit from them.

Find Useful Tips for Your Journalism Essay Writing

Journalism Essay Will Be Useful for Your Future Career In journalism essay you should present an accurate report on some event, thing or person. This kind of essay writing is very interesting as you have a chance to improve your critical thinking and writing skills. To create an excellent paper you should follow the next tips: 1. Select a topic that will be interesting to a wide range of readers. Make sure that your topic is up-to-date and really pressing. Revise the articles from the newspapers or magazines. They usually have catchy headlines, informative and interesting plot. While choosing the topic, think of the purpose of your writing. If the topic does not present any research value and you cannot find a purpose for its disclosing, you should better choose another one. 2. Research the material that is relevant to the essay topic. You may use internet resources to find appropriate material. Search different online libraries. 3. Before you proceed to the actual essay writing, create an outline. Divide your journalism essay into the following paragraphs: The introductory paragraph with thesis statement The main body paragraph The concluding paragraph with a solid summary of the main essay points Start the introductory part with the essay topic presentation. Create a strong thesis statement which will state the main aim of your paper. You may also state what methods you use in your paper. Make sure you use fresh and original approach. Be ready to spend most of your time to the writing of the essay main body. This part is the lengthiest and requires a lot of efforts to complete it. In the main body present your own analysis of the topic (not just mere description). Start the main body paragraph with a topic sentence Pay attention to the punctuation. Use commas properly. Avoid in your paper rude expressions, slang or clichà ©s. If you provide quotations in the text of your paper follow the rules of in-text citation. Put after the quote the authors last name, the year of the publication of the issue and the number of page of the quote. You should also avoid superfluous words and word expressions. Try to use the sentences that present maximum of information. If you want to present some interesting information but you doubt about the relevance of the following material, you may put it in footnote. Don’t use other peoples’ words or ideas without referencing. Remember plagiarism is a serious academic crime and you may get zero for your paper. At the end of the essay you should place the list of references. Here you should include every item that was used in your paper. 4. Edit and proofread your paper. Eliminate grammar, spelling or punctuation mistakes. Think if your essay produces a positive or a negative impression. Read your paper aloud to see if there are some sloppy points. If you do not have writing skills and a journalism essay seams a real torture to you, you may ask professionals from custom essay writing company Bestessay4u.com to write a great custom essay.

Tempest a look at reality and

Tempest a look at reality and Gonzalo states: "We are people of our own minds and no one else's," by this Gonzalo is telling everyone that no one can control what someone sees or does. This is true unless one is using magic to alter the minds and reality of anyone under the influence of magic. In the Tempest, by William Shakespeare, Prospero uses magic to alter the reality and delude the minds of characters. Love or guilt is a form of magic that naturally occurs in one's life. Prospero creates another magic that is placed in the audience's mind when he asks them to become the master magicians.Alonso and Gonzalo's minds are deluded by Prospero's spells to make them unaware of what is happening around them or aware of something out of the ordinary, and Caliban is affected by Prospero's spells physically. Gonzalo sees the things happening around him through a new prespective because of the spell that makes him see everything in a good light.English: Prospero and Ariel (from Shakespeare's Th...Because of this spell G onzalo states that their clothes are better than new, and that they are not stained with salt water. Gonzalo also brings up that the island is in excellent shape and is adequate for living on. Antonio and Sebastian tell Gonzalo he is lying about the clothes and the island being in such fantastic shape. They tell him this because they are not affected by the spell that Gonzalo is under. Spells don't always affect a person directly, but it still makes a person see their reality in a different perspective. Alonso is fooled by Prospero's magic too, but it is not directly aimed towards Alonso. Because of the magic that put Ferdinand in a glen where no one could see him; Alonso thinks that Ferdinand drowned at sea. Alonso...

This work is about Geopolitics of Energy subject so please look Essay

This work is about Geopolitics of Energy subject so please look assignment criteria for topic - Essay Example However, in 2008 the notions of the impeding scarcity had a reverse effect with the producers wanting to make a large profit before the reserveswere depleted. This saw the prices rise continually. At that rate the country would be spending many billions of dollars on importation of petroleum and natural gas. This would create a distress in the economy because of the increased trade deficit. It is true that Asia is the new ground zero for growth of energy consumption.it is also true that Asia will be responsible for 85% of the energy consumption growth on the planet in the next 20 years. This has seen Russia try to form ties with the east to establish a proper market for its hydrocarbon exports3. The obvious deduction from this would be that Russia would wield more geopolitical power in the next few decades, which is not likely to be the case4. The current technological advancements have enabled rapid expansion of the shale gas industry in the US. In a decade, the industry has grown dramatically with the product now in abundant supply,seeing drastic reduction in prices. The policy debate has snow shifted to how much of the nation’s energy resource should be exported. The strengthening of the US’ geopolitical strength due to the shift in paradigms of the global energy market has greatly hindered China’s attempt to be the global leader. The best way to counter this influence would be to weaken the alliances that the US has with states in the region. The result has been the heightening of maritime tensions in the region with the East China Sea conflict providing a good illustration5. Both China and japan lay claim to a number of geographical features found in the sea. The features that comprise of a few islands and territorial waters could provide energy reserves and fishing grounds6. However, this is not the only reason behind the conflict. The key issue is that the waters are important choke

Revelatios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Revelatios - Essay Example Through this he tells the story of African American faith and persistence from slavery to freedom. Revelations is divided into three parts; each includes several dances representing different experiences in Baptist worship: â€Å"Pilgrim of sorrow†-dancers portray people who hope for salvation in spite of life’s difficulties. Movements suggest reaching toward heaven and being pulled back. â€Å"Take me to the water†, Ailey’s own baptism. Ritual where one becomes a full member of congregation. Takes place in ponds in church.is shown by movements suggesting rippling water. â€Å"Move, members, move† begins as church members gathers to worship.is shown by movements that suggest gossiping conservations, discomfort on a hot day and the hope of salvation. Revelations draws on black vernacular culture (derived from what Ailey called the â€Å"blood memories â€Å"of his childhood in Texas);because they were so strong he felt they were part of him as much as the blood that ran through his

Factors Affecting Animal Growth

Factors Affecting Animal Growth Modern cattle are descendants of Bos indicus and Bos Taurus (Gillespie, 1992). According to Lawrie (1991) these breeds are believed to be descended from Bos primigenius, the wild cattle. The last representative of the wild species died in Poland in 1627 (Zeuner, 1963). Lawrie (1991) reported that domestication of cattle followed the establishment of settled agriculture about 5000 B.C. and domestication of hump-back cattle (Bos indicus) existed in Mesopotamia by 4500 B.C. Garner (1944) stated that the immediate predecessor of majority of the breeds of British cattle was Bos longifrons, which was of relatively small frame rather than Bos primigenius which is massive in size. The development of many present British breeds was due to the early improvements initiated by Bakewell in the middle of the eighteenth century, who introduced in-breeding, the use of proven sires, selection and culling (Lawrie, 1991). Since 1790, the focus on cattle improvement is towards smaller, younger and leaner animals; and there has been growing realization that breed potentialities will not be fully manifested without adequate food given at the right time in the growth pattern of the animal (Hammond, 1932a). Lawrie (1991) suggested that a beef animal should be well covered with flesh, blocky and compact-thus reducing the proportion of bone whereas in a dairy animal the frame should be angular with relatively little flesh cover, the body should be cylindrical thus accommodating the large digestive tract necessary for efficient conversion of food into milk and mammary tissue should be markedly developed. Aberdeen Angus has been regarded as the premier breed for good-quality meat (Gerrard, 1951). Lawrie (1991) reported that one of the reasons for the good eating quality of the Aberdeen Angus is its tenderness which is due to the small size of the muscle bundles, smaller animals having smaller bundles. Good-quality meat can also be attained by feeding concentrates such as barley to beef cattle (Preston et al., 1963). Efforts have been made to cross various breeds of Bos indicus (Zebu cattle) with British breeds, to combine the heat resisting properties of the former with the meat-producing characteristics of the latter (Lawrie, 1991). Unfortunately, unusual breeds of cattle are found within a normal breed: dwarf Snorter cattle occur within various breeds in U.S.A., and pronounced muscular hypertrophy, which is often more noticeable in the hind quarters and explains the name doppelender given to the condition, arises in several breeds e.g. Charollais and South Devon (McKellar, 1960). Recessive genes are thought to be responsible in both cases (Lawrie, 1991). FACTORS AFFECTING THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CATTLE Lawrie (1991) reported that as an animal grows two things happen: first, it increases in weight until mature size is reached; this is called growth and secondly it changes in its body conformation, shapes and its various functions and faculties come into full being; this is referred to as development. Genetic factors According to Lawrie (1991) several economically important traits in meat animals are heritable to some degree and can thus be selected for by breeding. In cattle, certain growth features are controlled by recessive genes which have not so far been controlled, complicating breeding. One such trait is dwarfism; another is the doppelender or double muscling condition, which causes muscle hypertrophy and thereby increases the animals commercial value (Lawrie and Ledward, 2006). Genetic analysis continues to reveal the genetic mechanisms that control numerous aspects of the endocrine system and, through it, meat growth and quality as concluded by Lawrie and Ledward (2006). Genetic engineering techniques can shorten breeding programmes significantly because they allow for the identification and isolation of genes coding for desired traits, and for the reincorporation of these genes into the animal genome as reported by Lawrie and Ledward. Experimental reproductive cloning of commercially important meat animals such as sheep, pig or cattle has been successful. The multiple asexual reproductions of animals bearing desirable traits can thus be anticipated, although this is not yet practical on a commercial scale. Environmental Factors Heat regulation in livestock especially cattle is of great economic significance, because mammals attempt to maintain a constant optimal body temperature (Lawrie and Ledward, 2006). Low temperatures tend to prolong animal development and high temperatures tend to retard it. Depending on their size, body shape and insulation through tissue and fur, some animals have a relatively narrow zone of temperature tolerance and others (e.g. cattle) a broad one. Static magnetic fields, for reasons still unknown, also retard animal development. Nutritional Factors Acker and Cunningham (1991) reported that the quality and quantity of usable meat depends on the animals plane of nutrition, i.e., whether it is over or underfed. The composition of the diet, especially the amount of protein provided, is also an important factor regulating animal growth and development (Wardlaw, 2000). Cattle digest cellulose which is better adapted to poor-quality diets, but their ruminal microorganisms degrade high-quality protein if supplied in excess, because producing high-quality protein animal feed is expensive. Several techniques are employed or experimented with to ensure maximum utilization of protein. These include the treatment of feed with formalin to protect amino acids during their passage through the rumen, the recycling of manure by feeding it back to cattle mixed with feed concentrates, or the partial conversion of petroleum hydrocarbons to protein through microbial action (Gillespie, 1998). In plant feed, environmental factors influence the availability of crucial nutrients or micronutrients, a lack or excess of which can cause a great many ailments. In Australia, for instance, where the soil contains limited phosphate, cattle are being fed additional phosphate to increase the efficiency of beef production. Also in Australia, cattle and sheep in certain areas were often found losing their appetite and dying in the midst of rich pasture; this was at length found to be a result of cobalt deficiency in the soi (Acker and Cunningham, 1991). Gillespie (1998) stated that plant toxins are also a risk to grazing animals; for instance, fluoracetate, found in some African and Australian plants, kills by disrupting the cellular metabolism. Certain man-made pollutants such as methyl mercury and some pesticide residues present a particular hazard due to their tendency to bioaccumulate in meat, potentially poisoning consumers. SLAUGHTERING AND KILLING OF CATTLE Slaughtering Religious slaughtering The Welfare of Animals (Slaughter or Killing) Regulations 1995 (as amended) (WASK) require that all animals are stunned before slaughter, using the methods of stunning prescribed by the Regulations, subject to specific exemptions. One of these exemptions refers to slaughter without the infliction of unnecessary suffering by the Jewish method for the food of Jews; or by the Muslim method for the food of Muslims, provided the requirements for the licensing of slaughter men under the Regulations are met. Since a complete bleed is necessary, cattle are not stunned before bleeding (Donin, 1972). Religious issues surrounding slaughter without pre-stunning were explored in detail in the FAWC report on religious slaughter published in 1985 and have not been reiterated in this report. Council has taken account of relevant information generated since then in drawing its conclusions. Jewish method The Jewish method of slaughtering animals for food (Shechita) requires that they be healthy at the time of slaughter and must not have suffered any physical injury. For this reason, pre-slaughter stunning methods that are judged to cause physical injuries prior to cutting the throat have been considered unacceptable for this slaughter method. Cattle are restrained in an upright position in a specialized pen with the head held fast and the neck exposed in a suitable position for incision of the throat. A transverse cut is made using a reciprocal, uninterrupted motion of the knife. The intention is to produce an immediate outpouring of blood by severing both jugular veins and both carotid arteries. The knife used for cattle has a long, extremely sharp and undamaged blade. After the cut has been made the animal must remain restrained until it is bled out before being released, shackled and hoisted. With Rabbinical approval some premises have adopted a post-cut stun for cattle. The Islamic method The Muslim method of slaughter (Halal) is, in many respects, similar to Shechita. However, pre-slaughter stunning methods for cattle and sheep that have been demonstrated not to kill the animal, such that the heart is still beating, have been deemed acceptable and have routinely been adopted in many Halal slaughterhouses. The level of restraint required to expose the throat, perform an effective cut and hold the animal still until it has bled out is greater than is needed for conventional slaughter. The restraining pens used for this purpose require Ministerial approval. This is designed to protect bovine animals from any avoidable pain, suffering, agitation, injuries or contusions in the pen and in particular to ensure effective means of restraint and support (WASK). The design and operation of restraining pens are assessed by the SVS before Ministerial approval is given. Humane slaughtering Cattle are slaughtered by being first stunned and then exsanguinated (bled out). Death results from the one or the other procedure, depending on the methods employed. Stunning can be effected through asphyxiating the animals with carbon dioxide, shooting them with a gun or a captive bolt pistol, or shocking them with electric current as reported by Lawrie and Ledward (2006). According to Lawrie (1991) draining as much blood as possible from the carcass is necessary because blood causes the meat to have an unappealing appearance and is a very good breeding ground for microorganisms. The exsanguination is accomplished by severing the carotid artery and the jugular vein in cattle and sheep, and the anterior vena cava in pigs. Bleeding According to Beinempaka et al., (1990) the neck of the animal is cut and it is allowed to bleed by hoisting it up. They also reported that adequate bleeding is essential to reduce meat spoilage since blood is a good source of moisture and nutrition for most of the contaminating organisms. This indicates that the amount of blood retained in the beef determines the degree of spoilage of the beef. Panda, (1986) reported that the amount of blood drained out from different types of birds vary depending on the stunning technique and physiological condition of the cattle. Deskinning and dressing This process of deskinning is done manually or mechanical and manual at the same time. The mechanical and manual ones are normally done at the abattoirs. This involves using a sharp knife to deskin the animal while the machine pulls the skin off the animal. Dressing involves the opening of the carcass to remove the internal organs (Beinempaka et al., 1990). Care must be taken in removing the intestines, as an unintentional incision may result in the distribution of fecal bacteria onto carcass possibly contaminating the beef (Borch and Arinder, 2002). Washing Following the deskinning and dressing stage is the washing stage. It involves using a stream of water which removes dirt and the amount of blood retained in the carcass. This helps in reducing microbial load present on the carcass. Chilling This is done immediately after the preparation of the carcass and must last for as short a time as possible to avoid bacterial proliferation (Gracey, 1986). Nester et al., (2001) stated that chilling inhibits the growth of micro-organisms such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp at temperature below 3-50C. Chilling in a common bath may result in cross-contamination from Escherichia and Salmonella carriers to free carcasses (Cross et al., 1988). NUTRITIVE VALUE OF BEEF The use of lean and clean beef is advisable to include in diet, it could be as an ingredient in stews or traditional recipes. Beef is a popular meat rich in protein, being a red meat had always made it a bad food when it comes to studies and researches (Owen et al., 2005). Wardlaw, (2000) stated that, a lean beef adds to health benefits related to heart and prevention of cancer. As a matter of fact, no one can deny that beef is an important source of protein. Beef is found to be very rich in Iron, Zinc, Selenium, Phosphorus, Potassium and Magnesium. Sodium and Copper are found in good quantities. However, minute quantities of Calcium and Manganese are also present. According to Acker and Cunningham (1991), beef is one of the best sources for Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6 Niacin and Riboflavin. However, it is also rich in Thiamin and Pantothenic Acid. Small amounts of Vitamin E, Vitamin K and Foliate are present. According to Owen et al., (2005) the calorie count of Beef per 100 gm is 155.0; it is meat which is higher in protein and moderate in fat. Beef is good for bones and teeth. It enhances immunity against infections of ear etc., and prevents blood vessel walls from damaging. Moderate consumption of lean beef is altogether good for cardiovascular health and to prevent cancer risks. The amount of fat in beef carcasses has decreased compared to what it was during the middle of the twentieth century; beef contains about 6 percent less fat (Gillespie, 1998). FRESHNESS OF DRESSED BEEF Beef is a perishable product and may cause public health concerns. Fresh beef is most likely to spoil before it will cause food-borne diseases (Gill, 1998). For preserved meat the opposite may be the case, where micro-organisms have been eliminated. There is the tendency to use milder preservation methods either because of energy saving, because of consumers preference for mildly cured or cooked products, or their desire for having more fresh beef products or because of an aversion to the use of preservatives (Panda, 1995). According to Lawrie and Ledward (2006) in order to satisfy these demands, it will be necessary for meat industry to improve microbial monitoring of production including hygiene and to formulate processes which will give minimal variation in their results. Although intensive work is being carried out by meat industries to find substitutes for known processes with equivalent inactivation or inhibition of microbial froth, no overall acceptable alternative seems to be readily available (Gracey, 1986). QUALITY OF BEEF The quality grades are based on the degree of marbling (intramuscular fat) in the beef, and the maturity of the animal at slaughter (USDA, 2007). A quality grade is a composite evaluation of factors that affect palatability of meat; tenderness, juiciness, and flavor. These factors include carcass maturity, firmness, texture, and color of lean, and the amount and distribution of marbling within the lean. Beef carcass quality grading is based on degree of marbling and degree of maturity (Hale et al., 2007). Texture Meat from less tender cuts or older cattle can be mechanically tenderized by forcing small, sharp blades through the cuts to disrupt the proteins (Denver, 2003). Also, solutions of exogenous proteolytic enzymes such as papain, bromelin or ficin can be injected to augment the endogenous enzymes (USDA, 2007). Similarly, solutions of salt and sodium phosphates can be injected to soften and swell the myofibrillar proteins. This improves juiciness and tenderness. Flavour Evaporation concentrates the remaining proteins and increases flavor intensity; the molds can contribute a nut-like flavor. The majority of the tenderizing effect occurs in the first 10 days, although two to three days allow significant effects. Boxed beef, stored and distributed in vacuum packaging, is, in effect, wet aged during distribution. Premium steakhouses dry age for 21 to 28 days or wet age up to 45 days for maximum effect on flavor and tenderness.. Salt can improve the flavor, but phosphate can contribute a soapy flavor. SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION OF BEEF Lawrie (1991) suggested that contamination of beef is a continuing possibility from the moment of bleeding until consumption. Contamination of beef from the moment of bleeding until consumption is from microbial to physical contamination. The microbiological contamination of carcasses occurs mainly during processing and manipulation, such as skinning, evisceration, storage and distribution at slaughterhouses and retail establishments (Gill, 1998; Abdalla et al., 2009). Fecal matter was a major source of contamination and could reached carcasses through direct deposition, as well as by indirect contact through contaminated and clean carcasses, equipment, workers, installations and air (Borch and Arinder, 2002). Cattle slaughter operations, such as bleeding, dressing and evisceration, expose sterile muscle to microbiological contaminants that were present on the skin, the digestive tract and in the environment (Gill and Jones, 1999; Bacon et al.,2000). Moreover, dirty workers hands, clothes and equipments of the slaughterhouse and at the market by retailers act as intermediate sources of contamination of meat (Gill, 1998; Gilmour et al., 2004; AbdelSadig, 2006; Abdalla et al., 2009). Also, handling and storage of beef contribute effectively to meat contamination (Beinempaka et al., 1990). The storage place should be clean and preferably cold (400F). Any temperature above will contribute to microbial growth which act on the meat and cause spoilage whereas the beef must be handled with proper care. METHODS OF MINIMIZING CONTAMINATION OF BEEF Rangaswani (1983) reported that meat quality could be enhanced and prolonged when the causes of microbial contamination are drastically reduced or removed altogether. He stated further that quality and wholesomeness of meat depend on many factors of which the following are part: Source of Beef Meat from abattoir slaughtered animals and well established farms generally have less bacteria counts than meat from backyard slaughtered animals because at the abattoir or farm, all the necessary safety and hygiene consideration are undertaken. The level of infection is thus minimized unlike backyard slaughtered animals where animals are killed and dressed on the floor with no better hygiene condition (Zeigler, 1966). Health of Animals Beef from healthy animals keep longer than beef from diseased cattle. This is so because beef from healthy animals are more likely to be free from any microbes unlike diseased cattle. Zeigler (1966) reported that veterinary inspection should be the priority when animals are being slaughtered since it will be proven whether animals are free from any diseases. Method of Slaughter Meat from bruised animals, improperly bled animals, meat contaminated with faeces during evisceration and meat soiled with dirt from skin tends to spoil early. The normal micro flora from the skin of carcasses includes Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli and organisms of fecal origin (Cross and Overby, 1988). The source of these organisms is not clearly understood but in addition to contamination from the skin and intestines, equipments and tools during slaughter and selling of beef may be responsible for some contamination. To avoid further contamination, potable water should be used for rinsing carcasses and surfaces coming into contact with meat and offal. PRESERVATION OF BEEF According to Panda (1995) preservation or meat can be done by adopting several techniques among which are refrigeration, dehydration, curing, smoking, canning, irradiation, microwave heating and use of chemical additives including antibiotics. Refrigeration Refrigeration includes cold storage and frozen storage. In cold storage a temperature between 00C to 70C is employed and in frozen storage at between 150C to 170C (Panda, 1995). Controlled temperature assists in preventing quality loss and maintaining shelf life of the product. Proper air circulation in addition to maintenance of air temperature prevents mould growth and controlled air composition provides fresh air and avoids development of extraneous odour out of undesirable gases. Moisture control assists in preventing excessive dehydration of the product stored (Panda, 1986). Smoking Smoking helps in preserving beef by acting as an antioxidant, bactericidal agent and providing a protective covering on the surface. Smoking also imparts specific flavour to meat. Various types of wood used for generating smoke also impart different flavour to the finished product. However, the best type of wood which could be exploited for producing quality smoked beef is hard wood. Smoke also influences the colour of the smoked beef. Curing This is a process of preserving meat. It is done to preserve and maintain red colour of the meat and also to add flavour. This ingredients used include common salt, sodium nitrate or nitrite, sugar and spices (Beinempaka et al., 1990). Therefore selection of curing formulation is extremely important while using it, as long as large amounts of salt or spice will mask the flavour of meat. The functions of these curing agents are different. Salts assists in preservation of meat while influencing the flavour and texture. Sugar adds to the flavour while checking the drying and toughening effect and nitrate provide the desired pink colour to it (Panda, 1995). Chemical Additives Gill (1998) stated that fresh beef in intact carcass is not severely contaminated except for its surfaces and skinning. However, as it is minced for utilization in further processed products, the solution changes. As the beef gets exposed, added bacterial contamination from hands of operators and machineries used occurs (Borch and Arinder, 2002). According to Panda (1995) the use of additives in beef extends the life of the beef and has a little effect on the colour, flavour and texture. PACKAGING AND STORAGE If the beef is to be used for processing, then it is taken straight to the meat cutting and industries to be processed. If they are to be stored for use at a later stage, these are properly packed in suitable polythene bags and kept inside a deep freeze maintained at 15-180C. Panda (1995) reported that the packaging material used for packaging the beef should be colourless, transparent and of adequate strength to safeguard the dressed beef packed during handling and transportation. Also, the packaging material should not transfer any harmful substances to the packed material. The major objectives in using the packaging material is that it should provide optimum protection to the product packed inside it and to maintain wholesomeness for its anticipated shelf life, while preventing physical, microbial and insect damage with appropriate properties and capacity to preserve its nutritive value in an acceptable way and other quality factors, important in the marketing channel (Panda, 1995). Various types of primary and secondary containers as well as flexible material are being used for packing beef products. Primary container is one which is in direct contact with the food item. The secondary container is the outer box or wrap that holds the primary units of food such as jars, cans, tins flexible packages which have no direct contact with the food item. Some of the various types of packaging material used for beef packaging include tins, cans, glass, plastic films and laminates.